1. Dan Bart, Senior Vice President, Standards and Special Projects, TIA
GSC9/Joint_028
Emergency Communications “The Four legs of effective emergency communications”
Dan Bart, Senior Vice President,
Standards and Special Projects, TIA
Co-Chair, ANSI HSSP
December 1, 2004 1

2. EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
The term “Emergency Communications” means different things to different people or organizations
To some, it is only TELE-communications
To others it is the “content” of the message or communication, not the media or facilities used, i.e., the “water” not the “pipes”
To some, “emergency communications” only come from GOVERNMENT
Many believe emergency communications must cut cross-sector and cross-technology areas to be effective and harmonized, and to send an unambiguous, important communication
What does it mean in the TELECOM Sector and for this Workshop and breakout groups??

3. EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
The major telecommunications sector standards organizations gather periodically at an event called Global Standards Collaboration or GSC
Those organizations who participate on a regular, recurring basis are called “Participating Standards Organizations” or PSOs, and currently consist of:
TIA and ATIS (USA); ETSI (EU); TSACC (Canada); TTA (Korea – host of GSC-9 in May 2004); TTC and ARIB (Japan); ACIF (Australia), and we expect CCSA (China) at our next meeting
ITU-T and ITU-R also participate regularly
Other groups have also been invited and most have participated: ANSI, JTC-1, IETF, ATMF, IEEE, SCTE, APT, CITEL, IEC, ISO, ITSA, etc.

4. Global Standards collaboration (GSC) RESOLUTION GSC-8/1: Emergency Communications (Ottawa 2003)
Recognizes
the Tampere Convention provides a process for implementation of emergency communications on an international basis;
that cooperation and collaboration between Participating Standards Organizations (PSOs) and authorities and/or organizations providing emergency services is necessary for the provision of coordinated, emergency communications services;
that significant activity in relation to emergency communications, including such issues as E911/E112/E119/etc., location identification, special handling for emergency communications, public protection and disaster relief activities, etc. is currently being undertaken in a range of national, regional and international Standards Development Organizations (SDOs);
that future requirements for emergency communications will include both narrowband and broadband applications using both narrowband and broadband technologies, in fixed, mobile, Internet, broadcast and other electronic communications networks;
Concludes
that emergency communications can be partitioned into concerns covering communication (1) from citizens to authorities and/or organizations providing emergency services, (2) between such authorities, (3) from such authorities to citizens and (4) amongst affected citizens;
that it is important for PSOs, authorities and/or organizations providing emergency services in countries across the world to continue to collaborate in the development of technical standards, and to share information on emerging technologies and services that can be used for emergency communications;

5. RESOLUTION GSC-8/1: Emergency Communications (Ottawa 2003)
Resolves
to establish a continuing area of work on emergency communications to further encourage cooperation and the sharing of information among SDOs on standardization activities relating to communication in emergency situations, in particular addressing the four indicated partitions.
including, but not limited to, developing standards for:
priority access to emergency call access numbers; provision of location information; suitable technologies for use in networks dedicated to public protection and disaster relief communications; interoperability between public networks and networks dedicated to emergency communications; priority access by emergency services personnel to communications services;
to encourage ongoing cooperation and collaboration among national, regional and international activities that relate to emergency communications, such as Project MESA;
to encourage PSOs to support ongoing national activity and cooperation between industry, PSOs, administrations and authorities in the establishment of emergency communications.
Source: RESOLUTION GSC-8/1: Emergency Communications Resolution from Ottawa GSC:

6. OTHER RESOLUTIONS Resolution GSC – 8/1 (2003)
In summary, it is important for Participating Standards Organizations, authorities and/or organizations providing emergency services in countries across the world to continue to collaborate in the development of technical standards. Other Resolutions also support Emergency Communications-related issues.
Resolution RAST 10/1 (2001)
Identifies public safety and disaster relief as a high interest subject for Radiocommunication.
Related: Resolution 646 (ITU-R WRC-03) on Public Protection Disaster Relief (PPDR)
Many future applications will be wideband (indicative data rates in the order of kbit/s) and/or broadband (indicative data rates in the order of Mbit/s).
New technologies for wideband and broadband public protection and disaster relief applications are being developed in various standards organizations (i.e., a joint standardization program currently organized between ETSI and TIA, known as Project MESA - Mobility for Emergency and Safety Applications).

7. Types of Emergency Communications
Citizen-to-Citizen (CtoC): A citizen communicating an emergency to another citizen or private organization via available options (e.g., ONSTAR-like message, amateur radio, mobile and land-line communications, broadcast and mass media, Internet, lists, faxes, information services, and word of mouth).
Citizen-to-Government (CtoG): A citizen communicating an emergency message to appropriate authorities via available options (e.g., E9-1-1/1-1-2 call to Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), amateur radio, and mobile communications (with or without location services).
Government-to-Government (GtoG): Governmental authorities communicating to each other, other agencies and appropriate National Security / Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP)-designated private industry concerns and coordinators (i.e., using all forms of telecommunications services, private radio, Commercial Mobile Radio Services, /messaging alerts, etc.).
Government-to-Citizen (GtoC): Government or authorized officials communicating alerts or details of an emergency to citizens via available options (e.g., Governmental mass media alerts, citizen accessible radio services and common channels, highway alerts, voluntary citizen alert services [localized and national], /voic and word of mouth).

8. Citizens to Government Authorities and/or orgs providing emergency services
Note: The term “Citizens” includes Private Individuals or organizations.
TSP (NS/EP)
Restoration
Services
Amongst and between affected citizens
Between Government Authorities and/or orgs providing emergency services
From Government Authorities and/or orgs providing emergency services to citizens

9. Emergency Communications
Legend:
CtoC
GtoC
Emergency
Communications
GtoG
CtoG
As per GSC-8 Resolution on Emergency Communications (May 2003).
Telecom
& Radio
Services
Broadcast
Media Services
Internet
Other

10. Implementation Example: National Emergency Telecommunications Services (U.S. NS/EP Services Structure)
Note: This graphic model of U.S. ETS and services provided is intended as a visual example; not as an official consensus or decision.

11. Status of the Emergency Communications activities in TIA
GSC Participating standards organizations (PSO) Activities as summarized at gsc-9 (May 2004) Reference GSC9_Joint_028
Status of the Emergency Communications activities in TIA
Private Radio Systems (including Public Safety) (TR-8)
Commercial radio and wireline standards in support of PPDR (TR-41 & TR-45)
Standards support for Law Enforcement Agency activity (TR-45 & Joint Work)
Broadband radio system standards for PPDR (Project MESA—Currently ETSI/TIA)
Compendium of Emergency Communications and Communications Network Security-related Work Activities within the TIA: This "living document" identifies standards, or other technical documents and ongoing Emergency/Public Safety Communications and Communications Network Security-related work activities within TIA and its Engineering Committees and is presented for information, coordination and reference.
URL:
TIA CIP/HS Webpage:
U.S. Research Activity: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel (ANSI HSSP) to host Workshop on Emergency Communications, TIA and ATIS part of organizing group.
Reference: TIA Contribution GSC9/Joint_034.

12. Status of the Emergency Telecommunications (EMTEL) activities in ETSI
PSO ACTIVITIES
Status of the Emergency Telecommunications (EMTEL) activities in ETSI
EMTEL web site – - was created to promote and support further standardization activities on emergency telecommunications within ETSI, and also providing links to corresponding activities in other Standards Developing Organizations.
OCG EMTEL: Output will consist of four Special Reports --
1st published December 2003, gives an overview of requirements for communication from citizens to authorities / organizations in all types of emergencies. It describes the operational and organizational requirements as a basis for a common E112 service, including caller location information.
 A 2nd version of the report may be produced in the near future to add features which are not present in the current version, such as vehicle telemetry, Internet access, VoIP, etc.
2nd Report is currently being drafted, addresses the requirements for communications between authorities during emergencies.
3rd Report will address the requirements on communication from authorities to citizens during emergencies.
4th Report that is to be published in May 2004 addresses European regulation specific to Communication in Emergency situations during emergencies.
Cooperation between 3GPP and ETSI TISPAN on the specification of a Mobile Location Positioning protocol.
Reference: ETSI Contribution GSC9_Joint_002 Status of the EMTEL activities in ETSI (document) and GSC9_Joint_002a (slide presentation).

13. PSO Activities
Status of Canadian Emergency Communications Activities and Perspectives
The attention of PSOs needs to be drawn to the provision of emergency communications over Next-Generation Networks.
Propose to develop a synopsis on future work in the area of standards development, particularly the provision of emergency communications over Next-Generation Networks.
A draft update to Resolution GSC-8/1 is presented for the consideration of GSC-9.
Adopt a new GSC Resolution resolving:
Encourage PSOs to develop standards for new terrestrial wireless digital wideband communications (voice and data) for public safety in the MHz band
Encourage agreement among SDOs and users on which standard is appropriate (based on existing commercial equipment or a new PS standard) for broadband communications in the MHz band
See Contributions for National activity detail.
Reference: TSACC GSC9_Joint_005 Public Safety and Disaster Relief (slide presentation); GSC9_Joint_006 Emergency Communications (document); GSC9_Joint_006a Emergency Communications (slide presentation); and GSC9_Joint_006b Emergency Communications (document-draft Res. Update).

14. Status of Australian (ACIF) Activities and Perspectives regarding PPDR
PSO Activities
Status of Australian (ACIF) Activities and Perspectives regarding PPDR
Location information: The Australian communications regulator, the Australian Communications Authority (ACA) released a public Discussion Paper in January 2004
Seeks input on future arrangements for mobile location information.
3G and beyond mobile communications systems.
Emergency services in future networks: ACIF's NGN FOG activity involves the implications of NGN on emergency services, security and privacy requirements and interests.
Outcomes of analysis will be a significant element of the final report
Spectrum: Discussions continuing between the ACA, Commonwealth, State and Territory emergency services and law enforcement organizations and equipment suppliers on harmonization of spectrum arrangements for PPDR services.
Significant progress has been made in this area since formal discussions began.
Reference: GSC9_Joint_015_Public_Protection_and_Disaster_Relief (document).

15. PSO Activities
Status of ATIS Activities Related to Emergency Telecommunications Services (ETS)
Special provisions to facilitate effective communications for emergency personnel are necessary.
This includes priority processing of communications through the communication network. ETS traffic needs to receive preferential use of the surviving capacity of the impacted network.
ETS capability will need to be provided by wireless and wireline service providers that globally interoperate with one another.
Interoperability is achieved by adherence to standards that are aligned with one another, even if the standards are developed by regionally different organizations. As such, cooperation between standards bodies will be needed to provide a set of globally consistent, complete, and interoperable standards.
Emergency Telecommunications Services (ETS) is a United States Federal Government initiative.
ETS is specifically looking for packet-based telecommunications and 3G mobile networks standards based on what those networks are capable of providing, paying particular attention to the convergence of these technologies.
National Security/Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP) Telecommunication Services Functional Requirements
A summary of the high-level functional requirements (including those viewed by service providers as being important for successful deployment) described in the ATIS Reference TR are included in ATIS contribution.
References: [1] T1.TR , Overview of Standards in Support of Emergency Telecommunications Service (ETS): March, 2003, [2] Program Coordination: and [3] GSC9/Joint 022 (ATIS) “ETS/Public Safety and Disaster Relief”

16. Types of Emergency Communications (Services and Support)
“On-Star”-like service, SASvE, CtoCvPSTN/CMRS, ARS, GMDSS, CtoCvS
Emergency Communications
Telecommunication Services
(Public/Dedicated/Private Wireline/Wireless)
Broadcast Media
(TV, Radio, Other)
Internet
Other
Broadcast news affiliates, Shortwave radio notification, Print media
GASvE, GASvS, GASvH, ARS, GMDSS, TsecEmCom, NCAS, etc.
Web access, Information services
CtoCvWoM
ETS, GETS, WPS, NETS, PRS, CMRS, PSAP, TSP, GMDSS, SatService, TsecEmCom, WPSvSatCom, IPSvSatCom, CWIN, PSWIN, SAFECOM, AGILE, TDR/PPDR, ATIS T1A1, TIA TR-8, Project MESA, etc.
EBS (TV & Radio), Broadcast news affiliates, Amber Alerts, Print media
PSECS, NCAS, TSP
CATV, SatCom, TsecEmCom, GtoCvWoM
Intra-Gov’t broadcast
ENA, PSTN, PSAP, PACA, ARS, LAES & location ID component, TSP, GMDSS
TsecEmCom,
IPS, IPSvCable, TSP
EBS (TV & Radio), Broadcast news affiliates, ARS, Shortwave radio notification
VoIP/ENA, IPS, TSP
WoM, ??,
CtoC
GtoC
GtoG
CtoG
Note: Acronyms used and their placement are not necessarily approved, but try to visually show the kinds of Emergency Communications that are available and being used.

17. Terms and Acronyms Used:
ARS: Amateur Radio Services
CATV: Cable Television
Citizen: Includes private individuals or organizations
CMRS: Commercial Mobile Radio Services
CtoCvS: Citizen to Citizen via SMS/text
CtoCvWoM: Citizen to Citizen via Word of Mouth
CWIN: CIP & Cyber Warning Information Network
Emergency Communications: Encompassing of all forms and services available to governments and citizens
Emergency Telecommunications: Including telecommunication infrastructure transmission & reception and the variety of emergency and priority communications services concerning public, dedicated and private telecommunications networks (i.e., NS/EP ETS)
ENA: Emergency Number Access (i.e., 9-1-1, E9-1-1, E1-1-2, E1-1-9, etc.)
EBS: Emergency Broadcasting System
ETS: Emergency Telecommunications Service (NS/EP)
GASvE: Government Alert Service via
GASvH: Government Alert Service via Highway
GASvS: Government Alert Service via SMS
GETS: Government Emergency Telecommunications Service (NS/EP)
GMDSS: Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
Government: Appropriate authority and/or organizations providing emergency or other response services (NS/EP)
IPS: Internet Priority Service (NS/EP)
LAES: Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance (NS/EP)
NCAS: National Cyber Alert System
NETS: Nationwide Emergency Telecommunications Service (NS/EP)
NS/EP: National Security/Emergency Preparedness
Project MESA: Public Safety Int’l Partnership for Broadband Capabilities, Mobility for Emergency and Safety Applications
PRS: Private Radio Services (e.g., P25, Tetra)
PSAP: Public Safety Answering Point
PSECS: Public Schools Emergency Communications System
PSWIN: Public Safety Wireless Network
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
SAFECOM/AGILE: US Government programs addressing public safety communications issues (i.e., interoperability)
SASvE: School Alert Service via
TsecEmCom: Transportation-sector Emergency Communication systems (e.g., Amber Alert on Highway Sign
TDR: Telecommunications for Disaster Relief (ITU-T)
TSP: Telecommunications Service Priority (NS/EP)
VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol
WPS: Wireless Priority Service
Note: Acronyms used are not necessarily approved, but an attempt to visually show the kinds of Emergency Communications that are available and being used.

18. GSC-9 adopted a further Emergency Communications Resolution
RESOLUTION GSC-9/2 (Joint GTSC/GRSC): Emergency Communications (Seoul, Korea, 2004):
Recognizing
that the Tampere Convention provides a process for implementation of emergency communications on an international basis;
that cooperation and collaboration between Participating Standards Organizations (PSOs) and authorities and/or organizations providing emergency services is necessary for the provision of coordinated, emergency communications services;
that significant activity in relation to emergency communications, including such issues as E911/E112/E119/etc., location identification, special handling for emergency communications, public protection and disaster relief activities, etc. is currently being undertaken in a range of national, regional and international Standards Development Organizations (SDOs);
that future requirements for emergency communications will include both narrowband and broadband applications using both narrowband and broadband technologies, in fixed, mobile, Internet, broadcast and other electronic communications networks;
that in future, operations that were available and effective in a circuit-switched network (PSTN), for example, traffic pre-emption, flow control, refusal, and preferential access, may not be possible or effective in packet-based networks, including Next-Generation Network (NGN);

19. GSC-9 adopted a further Emergency Communications Resolution (cont’d)
RESOLUTION GSC-9/2 (Joint GTSC/GRSC): Emergency Communications (Seoul, Korea, 2004):
considering
that emergency communications can be partitioned into concerns covering communication (1) from citizens to authorities and/or organizations providing emergency services, (2) between such authorities, (3) from such authorities to citizens and (4) amongst affected citizens;
that it is important for PSOs, authorities and/or organizations providing emergency services in countries across the world to continue to collaborate in the development of technical standards, and to share information on emerging technologies and services that can be used for emergency communications;

20. GSC-9 adopted a further Emergency Communications Resolution (cont’d)
RESOLUTION GSC-9/2 (Joint GTSC/GRSC): Emergency Communications (Seoul, Korea, 2004):
resolves
to establish a continuing area of work on emergency communications to further encourage cooperation and the sharing of information among SDOs on standardization activities relating to communication in emergency situations, in particular addressing
communication from citizens to authorities
communication between authorities
communication from authorities to citizens
communication amongst affected citizens.
including, but not limited to, developing standards for:
priority access to emergency call access numbers;
provision of location information;
suitable technologies for use in networks dedicated to public protection and disaster relief communications;
interoperability between public networks and networks dedicated to emergency communications;
priority access by emergency services personnel to communications services;

21. GSC-9 adopted a further Emergency Communications Resolution (cont’d)
RESOLUTION GSC-9/2 (Joint GTSC/GRSC): Emergency Communications (Seoul, Korea, 2004):
resolves
to encourage ongoing cooperation and collaboration among national, regional and international activities that relate to emergency communications, such as Project MESA;
to encourage PSOs to support ongoing national activity and cooperation between industry, PSOs, administrations and authorities in the establishment of emergency communications; and
to draw to the attention of PSOs to the need to examine the characteristics of providing emergency communications over packet based networks, including Next-Generation Networks.

22. Types of Emergency Communications and areas to be reviewed in this workshop
Citizen-to-Citizen (CtoC): A citizen communicating an emergency to another citizen or private organization via available options (e.g., ONSTAR-like message, amateur radio, mobile and land-line communications, broadcast and mass media, Internet, lists, faxes, information services, and word of mouth).
Citizen-to-Government (CtoG): A citizen communicating an emergency message to appropriate authorities via available options (e.g., E9-1-1/1-1-2 call to Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), amateur radio, and mobile communications (with or without location services).
Government-to-Citizen (GtoC): Government or authorized officials communicating alerts or details of an emergency to citizens via available options (e.g., Governmental mass media alerts, citizen accessible radio services and common channels, highway alerts, voluntary citizen alert services [localized and national], /voic and word of mouth).

23. Emergency Communications area NOT being reviewed in this workshop, since being addressed in other places
Government-to-Government (GtoG): Governmental authorities communicating to each other, other agencies and appropriate National Security / Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP)-designated private industry concerns and coordinators (i.e., using all forms of telecommunications services, private radio, Commercial Mobile Radio Services, /messaging alerts, etc.)
“Interoperability” is the ability of two or more organizations to communicate and share information (voice, data, images, and video) in real or near real time
There are numerous other activities and Workshops addressing government-to-government communications and interoperability including activities such as:
NIST/DHS Public Safety Interoperability Workshops
SAFECOMM Office of DHS
AGILE (Advanced Generation of Interoperability for Law Enforcement) Program
Project 25 and other work in TIA TR-8
National Public Safety Telecommunications Council (NPSTC)
Public Safety Wireless Advisory Committee (PSWAC)
National Task Force on Interoperability
APCO, NASTD, FLEWUG, and other User Organizations’ activities
Internationally at ITU, Project MESA, GSC, etc.
To name a few

24. QUESTIONS??