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Incentives and motives for taxi drivers to switch to Electric Taxis; the case of Amsterdam
Milan Tamis Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences Consumer research
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Covenant Article 3: Offer subsidy Article 4: Priority incentive
Improve charging infrastructure Article 6: Low-emission zone
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Taxistand Full Electric Vehicles (FEV)
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV)
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Oct 2015 1:4 clean Timeline
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Jan 2017 1:3 clean Oct 2015 1:4 clean Timeline
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TBA 2017 1:2 clean Jan 2017 1:3 clean Oct 2015 1:4 clean Timeline
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Timeline Jan 2018 100% clean TBA 2017 1:2 clean Jan 2017 1:3 clean
Oct 2015 1:4 clean Timeline
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Timeline Jan 2021 100% FEV Jan 2018 100% clean TBA 2017 1:2 clean
Oct 2015 1:4 clean Timeline
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Research question How do the taxi drivers in Amsterdam experience the priority incentive on the taxistand of Amsterdam Central Station and; which reasons do these taxidrivers have to switch, or refrain from switching, to an electric vehicle?
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Research design Semi-structured interviews 17 taxi drivers
7 different organizations 4 different type of vehicles (ICEV, FEV, PHEV en NGV)
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Drivers Frequently visit CS Same group of drivers
Experience more customers here than elsewhere Short rides: €15 - € 20 But: new stand leaves them dissatisfied
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Evaluation priority incentive
1:4 Clean vehicle drivers: Experience no advantage anymore Avoid taxistand NGV not visible ICEV drivers: Experience incentive as unfair Clean vehicle fleet grows
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Evaluation priority incentive
1:4 1:3 Clean vehicle drivers: Experience no advantage anymore Avoid taxistand NGV not visible Will visit CS more Clean vehicle fleet will grow Realize individual advantage might decrease ICEV drivers: Experience incentive as unfair Clean vehicle fleet grows Feel to have no choice: will still visit CS
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Evaluation priority incentive
1:4 1:3 100% clean Clean vehicle drivers: Experience no advantage anymore Avoid taxistand NGV not visible Will visit CS more Clean vehicle fleet will grow Realize individual advantage might decrease Will remain at CS ICEV drivers: Experience incentive as unfair Clean vehicle fleet grows Feel to have no choice: will still visit CS N/A
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Discontent ‘’Why are PHEV marked as clean?’’
‘’I drive a van, there is no electric alternative!’’ ‘’I can’t charge here.’’
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Why switch to an electric vehicle?
FEV drivers PHEV/NGV drivers ICEV drivers Positive Priority incentive Environmentally friendly Driving experience Customer reactions Negative Small(er) range Price of FEV Afraid to turn away customers Charge during long rides
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Why switch to an electric vehicle?
FEV drivers PHEV/NGV drivers ICEV drivers Positive Priority incentive Environmentally friendly Driving experience Customer reactions Negative Small(er) range Price of FEV Afraid to turn away customers Charge during long rides
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Why switch to an electric vehicle?
FEV drivers PHEV/NGV drivers ICEV drivers Positive Priority incentive Environmentally friendly Driving experience Customer reactions Negative Small(er) range Price of FEV Afraid to turn away customers Charge during long rides
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FEV Charging Where? Fastchargers CS:
At home Fastchargers in city Fastchargers CS: Well used Considered expensive Drivers never skip a call while charging Expansion of charging infrastructure
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Why switch to an electric vehicle?
FEV drivers PHEV/NGV drivers ICEV drivers Positive Priority incentive Environmentally friendly Driving experience Customer reactions Negative Small(er) range Price of FEV Afraid to turn away customers Charge during long rides
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‘’I am not going to drive a Prius or a Nissan!’’
‘’But who can afford a Tesla?’’
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What is the ICEV taxi driver most likely going to do?
Adaptation Avoidance
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Approved Taxi Organisation
ICEV driver FEV CNG/PHEV Approved Taxi Organisation Drive around Other taxi stands Uber Other cities Adaptation Avoidance
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Conclusion 1: The priority incentive seems to be effective
Main reason for FEV drivers to switch Attractive for all other drivers 2: ICEV drivers have a wide variety of options to avoid FEV adoption 3: Removal of adoption barriers necessary Further research: Incentives: evaluate and develop other incentives Adoption: determine reasons to (not) switch to FEV Financial: explore business case
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Thank you!
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