1. USEPA SmartWay Technology Program and Research Update
Presentation for Truck-Trailer Manufacturer Association’s
Industry and Government Meeting
July 28, 2016
Sam Waltzer
Julie Hawkins
Dennis Johnson

2. Overview Aerodynamics Program Update Testing and Research Programs
Near and distant priorities

3. SmartWay Trailer and Aerodynamics Verification New programs introduced in 2014
Scope
Fleet-relevant
Credibility
Simplicity
Recognition
53’ Van trailers
53’ Refrigerated trailers
Trailer Designation Levels
SmartWay Trailer
(5% fuel savings from aero)
(1% fuel savings from tires)
SmartWay “Elite” Trailer
(9% fuel savings from aero)
(1% fuel savings from tires)
9% or more fuel savings
5% (5.0 – 8.9) fuel savings
4% (4.0 – 4.9) fuel savings
1% (1.0 – 3.9) fuel savings
Aero Device Performance Bins
March 2014 we released the new SmartWay trailer program in interim form at the American Trucking Association’s (ATA’s) annual Technology & Maintenance Council (TMC)
We updated the programs to: incorporate lessons learned and respond to stakeholders; improve effectiveness through a more credible, transparent, and efficient program; and reach key audiences better.
Since March 2014 we’ve: held webinars and received input from stakeholders; assisted manufacturers as they use the new test methods and verify Elite level aerodynamics packages.
New Track Test
Tunnel
Choice of new 2014 test method for verification and option to supplement with additional test methods
Test Methods
Web table indicating all methods used to verify a device
Coastdown
CFD

4. SmartWay Technology aero activity continuing implementation of new program
Protocols
Wind Tunnel, Track & Coast Down
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Considering validation process for CFD tools
Engaging manufacturers for input
Technologies that may not be appropriate for certain test methods
Testing
Tunnel, track and coastdown performance demonstrations
Additional full scale testing planned

5. Updated SmartWay aero verification Manufacturers verifying products in all of the performance bins
New
Program Level
(% fuel savings)
New Verifications
Verification Method
9%+
Elite
10 packages
10 Wind tunnel 5%
4 Devices or systems
3 Wind tunnel
1 Coastdown 4%
5 Devices
5 wind tunnel 1%
1 System
1 Wind tunnel
Opportunity for Feedback:
Is multiple-method approach building fleet confidence in verified products?
Are there barriers to using full-scale methods?
Will fleets have less confidence without J1321 testing?
Several traditional Elite combinations: Advanced Skirt (5%) + Advance Tail(5%); Adv Skirt (5%) + Adv Tail (5%) + Gap Reducer (1%).
Seeing less conventional designs in the most recent requests for Elite verification
Device manufacturers indicate interest in “upgrading” existing 5% trailers to Elite by adding single components.
Note: Verifications based upon previous test protocol remain valid. Data above reflects new verifications that must use the new methods. Additional applications are pending review.

6. Wind Tunnel Research on Trailer Aero Combinations
Aerodynamic Drag Reductions from individual and Combinations of Trailer Aerodynamic Components
Combinations work – bigger packages produce bigger fuel savings.
Synergy – Sometimes aero devices work together to save more fuel than the sum of their individual results.
Wind angles – Some devices work better at higher wind angles.
*Aerodynamic drag measured using a wind tunnel and 1/8th scale model representing a class 8, long-haul, tractor-trailer.

7. SmartWay Tire Testing Objectives: Audit testing of verified tires
Consider potential lab variability
Retread protocol update
Review test methods
Effect of tire characteristics and test conditions
Methods
SAE J1269 and ISO 28580
Track and coast down

8. Tire Research - Fuel Savings vs Rolling Resistance
LRR tires on
tractor & trailer
LRR tires on
tractor only
LRR tires on
trailer only
Baseline tires
9/18/2018
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

9. SmartWay Research of Refrigerated Trailers & Sea Containers (a. k. a
SmartWay Research of Refrigerated Trailers & Sea Containers (a.k.a., “Reefers”)
SmartWay and EPA’s Ports Initiative are currently studying the potential benefits of commercially available eTRUs (i.e., diesel hybrid, electric stand-by, and all-electric TRUs) as well as barriers to their adoption.
Study to include a reefer market analysis and testing of representative samples of eTRUs.
Study will be used to determine potential energy efficiency and environmental benefits of eTRU technologies including their ability to meet climate control needs in regional or long haul transport.
eTRU technologies to demonstrate a significant range of improvement over conventional diesel reefers will assist EPA in encouraging fleet adoption and support SmartWay and Port Initiative program efforts.
Transport Refrigeration Units (TRUs) are used to refrigerate, heat, and regulate the air flow of insulated trailers and intermodal containers. Small diesel-fueled engines and generators are used in TRUs to provide power to operate trailer and container air conditioning and heating. TRUs combined with an insulated trailer or container provide climate control to transport temperature sensitive goods such as fruit, frozen foods, and pharmaceuticals long distances.
An over the road refrigerated trailer (reefer) is a 28 to 53 ft. refrigerated box van with insulated walls and door seals, movable bulkheads, and channelized floors and walls to facilitate cool or warm air flow. A reefer sea container ( a.k.a, a TEU, twenty-foot equivalent unit) is similar in construction to a reefer but is 20 or 40 feet with 20 feet the most common size.
A reefer trailer may remain in operation for 14 years or more and the TRU may exceed the life of the trailer on which it is mounted.
Currently, fleets may purchase a TRU which can have electric plug-in capability but the fleet may not choose the option or ultimately plug-in the unit.
Understanding how these technologies are being used or not in the transport of temperature and climate controlled goods will assist EPA in developing programmatic strategies to verify and encourage the use of alternatives to diesel fueled, i.e., eTRUs such as diesel-electric hybrids and all electric plug-in and related refrigerated transport technologies.

10. Near-term SmartWay Technology Priorities
Aero
More devices verified using new protocols
More devices verified using more-than-one protocol
SmartWay research published
SmartWay CFD protocol to complement track, wind tunnel, and coastdown procedures
Tires
Ongoing audit testing
SmartWay research published
Updated retread protocol
Digital application process

11. Opportunity Areas for SmartWay Technologies
Trailers in US*
12 million
Existing tractors and trailers
Finding replacement tires and retreads that save fuel
Evaluating aerodynamic retrofits
New tractors and trailers
Helping fleets find most fuel efficient options based upon certification data & innovation
Pre-2018 Trailers
2018 and Newer Trailers
150 thousand
2018
Years
Tractors in US*
2.7 million
Pre-2014 Tractors
2014 and Newer Tractors
185 thousand
2014
Years
* For illustration purposes only

12. SmartWay Technology Program Looking Forward
SmartWay Technology mission remains relatively the same…
Accelerate adoption of fuel-saving technologies in freight movement
by helping fleets find and use technologies that work

13. For Distant priorities - We need your input
For Distant priorities - We need your input! How can SmartWay better help adoption of fuel saving technologies?
For existing trailers
How can the verified technology listings be improved?
What information can help fleets?
Should SmartWay Tech expand into new sectors or applications?
For new trailers
What should SmartWay consider for tractor-trailer technology options?
Are there other tractors or trailer types we should include?
How can we best work with manufacturers on test programs & guidance?
How might we update the SmartWay Designated Trailer criteria in the future.

14. USEPA Technology mailbox: Tech_Assessment@epa.gov
USEPA Technology mailbox:
TAC Director:
Dennis Johnson
SmartWay Aerodynamics contact:
Sam Waltzer
Julie Hawkins
SmartWay Idle Reduction Technology contact:
Victor McMahan
SmartWay Tires contact:
Joe Bachman
Anthony Erb