1. Adding and Subtracting Fractions
With different denominators

2. Same Denominators
It's easy to add and subtract like fractions, or fractions with the same denominator.
You just add or subtract the numerators and keep the same denominator. 1 2 3 + = 4 4 4

3. Different Denominators
In an earlier lesson, you learned how to simplify, or reduce, a fraction by finding an equivalent, or equal, fraction where the numerator and denominator have no common factors.
To do this, you divided the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.
Next we will learn that you can also multiply the numerator and denominator by the same factor to make equivalent fractions.

4. LCD-Lowest Common Denominator
Since only like fractions can be added or subtracted, we first have to convert unlike fractions to equivalent like fractions.
We want to find the smallest, or least, common denominator, because working with smaller numbers makes our calculations easier.
The least common denominator, or LCD, of two fractions is the smallest number that can be divided by both denominators.

5. Methods for Finding LCD
The first method is to simply start writing all the multiples of both denominators, beginning with the numbers themselves. Here's an example of this method.

6. What is next? 2 9 + 12 12 Change both denominators to 12
Remember: if you change the denominator, you have to change the numerator.
Now you are ready to add. 2 9 + 12 12

7. Give it another Try 3 15 6 30 18 3 30 5

8. Now you are ready? Give yourself a round of applause.
Give your teacher a round of applause.
What do you need to remember?
Find the LCD
Change denominator-Change numerator
Add