1. Headings Vocabulary Important Info
Circulatory System
Headings
Vocabulary
Important Info

2. Functions of the Circulatory System
Carry nutrients & O2 to the body
Carry CO2 and other wastes away from the cells
Combat disease (working with the immune system)
Maintain body temperature

3. Circulatory Terms Pericardium – membrane around the heart
Pulse – surge of blood through artery as the heart beats
Atria – upper chamber(s) of the heart
Ventricle – lower chamber(s) of the heart
Septum – tissue dividing the chambers

4. Valves – open & close to control the flow of blood from atria to ventricle
Blood pressure – force that blood exerts on vessels
Pacemaker – group of cells in the upper right atrium that controls beating of the heart (also called the sinoatrial node)

5. The Components of Blood
Plasma – fluid portion of blood, straw colored liquid, moves blood cells
Red Blood Cells (RBC) – round disk cells that carry oxygen, contain hemoglobin
Hemoglobin – iron containing protein that picks up O2 and CO2
White Blood Cells (WBC) – infection by attacking pathogens
Platelets – cell fragments, help blood to clot
WBC
Platelet
RBC

6. Break in Capillary Wall
How Blood Clots
Clot- sticky network of fibers that form to plug the opening
Platelets clump together & fibers form
These dry, forming a scab
Clumping of Platelets
Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin.
Break in Capillary Wall
Blood vessels injured.
Clot Forms
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

7. Human Blood Types
Antigens are protein tags on the outside of the RBCs.
Antibodies are proteins floating in the blood.
Antigens and antibodies must recognize one another or the antibodies will attach & signal for help from Immune System

8. Type A Blood Type B Blood Type AB Blood Type O Blood
1. Contains A antigens
2. Contains anti-B antibodies
Type B Blood
1. Contains B antigens
2. Contains anti-A antibodies
Type AB Blood
1. Contains A & B antigens
2. Contains no antibodies
3. Universal recipient
Type O Blood
1. No antigens
2. Has both anti-A &anti-B antibodies
3. Universal donor

9. Rh Factor + or – antigen Problems in Pregnancy:
If mom is Rh- and baby is Rh +, then mom’s body will make antibodies to kill the “threat”
First child = OK
May make others anemic or miscarry
Doctor can give the mother a shot to prevent

10. Blood Vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries
Carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
Large, thick walled, muscular vessels
Under pressure, pulsate
Veins
Carry deoxygenated blood TOWARD heart
Not as elastic
Valves prevent back flow
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels, very thin
Allow for diffusion of gases & wastes
Connects Arteries & Veins

11. Fish
2 chambered heart
1 atria receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the 1 ventricle which sends it to the gills and the body
Slow blood flow
all energy pushes blood through the gills
Path:
Atria  Ventricle  Gills  Body

12. Amphibians Tadpoles Adults Have 3 chambered heart
Have a 2 chambered heart
Tadpole has gills like a fish
Adults
Have 3 chambered heart
2 atria & 1 ventricle
One atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the skin & lungs
A second atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body
Both feed into the single ventricle that pumps blood back to the body

13. * Ventricle partially separated by the septum
Reptiles
Usually have a 3 chambered heart
Some large reptiles have a 4 chambered heart
(crocodilians)
* Ventricle partially separated by the septum

14. * Ventricles totally separated by septum
Birds and Mammals
4 chambered heart
2 atria & 2 ventricles
Oxygenated blood is completely separated from deoxygenated blood = SEPTUM
Allows more oxygen & energy for muscles and tissues
More efficient system helps maintain body temperature
Path of Blood Flow:
Body  Right atrium  Right ventricle  Pulmonary artery  Lungs (absorbs oxygen) Pulmonary vein  Left atrium  Left ventricle  Aorta  back to body
* Ventricles totally separated by septum