1. Quiz 4 review | October 12, 2016

2. Quiz 4
Cardiac pathology
Lung pathology
Renal pathology

3. Contents of a plaque

5. Atherosclerosis: Major Risk Factors
Non-modifiable
Increasing age
Gender
Family history
Genetic abnormalities
Potentially modifiable
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Cigarette smoking
Diabetes
C-reactive protein level

6. Clinical consequences of left and right heart failure
cyanosis
pulmonary edema
hepatomegaly
Clinical consequences of left and right heart failure
splenomegaly
ascites
peripheral edema

7. Congenital Heart Disease
Left-to-right shunts
atrial septal defects
ventricular septal defects
Patent ductus arteriosus
Right-to-left shunts
tetralogy of fallot
transposition of the great arteries
Obstructions
aortic coarctation

8. Tetralogy of Fallot

9. Emphysema: dilated air spaces

10. Chronic bronchitis: mucous gland hyperplasia

11. IPF: tons of fibrosis

12. Typical bugs in different clinical settings
Community-acquired
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
viruses
Immunocompromised
Cytomegalovirus
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Aspergillus
Nosocomial
gram-negative rods
Staphylococcus aureus
Chronic
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Aspiration
Anaerobic bacteria

13. Ghon complex: lung lesion + involved nodes

14. Small cell carcinoma

15. Nephrotic vs. Nephritic Syndrome
Massive proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Edema
Hyperlipidemia/-uria
Nephrotic syndrome
Hematuria
Oliguria
Azotemia
Hypertension
Nephritic syndrome

16. Minimal change disease

17. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

18. Membranous nephropathy

19. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis

20. IgA nephropathy