1. Taking Charge of Your Health
Chapter One

2. Wellness: The New Health Goal
Usually refers to the condition of a person’s body; the absence of injury or illness
Wellness
Multidimensional state of optimal well-being determined by the decisions you make
Not limited to the absence of physical disease
Dimensions of Wellness:
Physical
Emotional
Intellectual
Spiritual
Social
Environmental
Occupational
Financial .
How is wellness defined?
Transcends the idea of health, or the absence of physical disease and is determined by an individual’s personal decisions and includes a life lived in optimal personal, interpersonal and environmental well-being
The Six Dimensions of Wellness
Physical – Requires eating well, exercising, avoiding harmful habits, making responsible decisions about sex, learning about and recognizing the symptoms of disease, getting regular medical and dental checkups and taking steps to prevent injuries at home, on the road and at work.
Emotional – Optimism, trust, self-esteem, self-acceptance, self-confidence, self-control, satisfying relationships and an ability to share feelings are some qualities/aspects of emotional health.
Spiritual- To possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles or values that give meaing and purpose to your life and others, esp. during difficult times. Involves the capacity for love, compassion, forgiveness, altruism, joy and fulfillment
Intellectual- An openness to new ideas, a capacity to question and think critically, and the motivation to master new skills as well as a sense of humor, creativity and curiosity.
Interpersonal and Social -Satisfying relationships. Satisfying the need for loving, supportive people in our lives.
Environmental or Planetary-Safety of the food supply to the degree of violence in a society. Safety from UV radiation and air and water pollution, lead in old house paint and second-hand tobacco smoke in indoor air. Learning about and reducing exposure to such hazards

3. Wellness: The New Health Goal
The six dimensions of wellness interact continuously influencing and being influenced by one another.
Making a change in one dimension often affects some or all of the others
Ex. Improving on your spiritual wellness may help increase your interpersonal and social wellness
Malaise:vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the beginning of an illness. 2. A general sense of depression or unease
The Wellness Continuum

4. Terms to Know Health vs. Wellness
Morbidity rate - the relative incidence of disease among a population
Mortality rate - the number of deaths in a population in a given period of time
Infectious disease- a disease that can spread from person t person, caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.)
Chronic disease -a disease that develops and continues over a long period of time

5. Wellness: Then and Now In the1900’s ~Lifespan = 47 yrs.
Most died from infectious disease
An Infectious disease is easily spread from one person to another (bacteria & viruses)
After 1900’s vaccine & antibiotic development reduced # of infectious diseases
Since the 1900’s
~Life span has doubled
Currently, most die from chronic disease
A chronic disease: develops and continues over a long period of time
Most can be prevented to some degree
In the 1900’s people struggled just to stay alive into their 50’s due to infectious disease
The development of vaccines and antibiotics helped reduce the number of deaths due to infectious disease
Today chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death, all of which can be prevented to some degree;
The best treatment for these is prevention
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death
Followed by obesity and alcohol use

6. Wellness: Then and Now

7. The Healthy People Initiative; Healthy People 2020
Major Objective:
1. Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury,
and premature death

8. The Healthy People Initiative
Major Objective
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and
improve health of all groups
Why would the U.S. government be concerned about a healthy population?
A healthy population is the nations’ source of vitality, creativity and wealth and poor health among the population drains the nation’s resources and raises health care costs for all
There are two broad goals in the Healthy People 2010 Initiative:
Increase quality and years of healthy life. Sick days among Americans is a measure of how we can’t function normally due to illness. Although life expectancy has increase poor health often limits those who live longer so that’s why quality of health is just as important as increasing life expectancy.
Eliminate health disparities among Americans. Many health problems affect certain populations disproportionately, like ethnic populations, people of low socioeconomic status or educational attainment and people with disabilities. Healthy People 2010 calls for eliminating disparities in health status, health risks, and use of preventitive services among all population groups.

9. The Healthy People Initiative
Major Objective
3. Create social and physical environments that
promote health

10. The Healthy People Initiative
Major Objective
4. Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life

11. Leading Causes of Death in the U.S.
Heart disease: 614,348
Cancer: 591,699
Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 147,101
Accidents (unintentional injuries): 136,053
Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 133,103
Alzheimer's disease: 93,541
Diabetes: 76,488
Influenza and pneumonia: 55,227
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, & nephrosis: 48,146
Intentional self-harm (suicide): 42,773
Data for 2014 from CDC

12. Factors That Influence Wellness
Health habits
Heredity/Family history
Genome: entire amount of genetic material (DNA) in a persons cells
Favorable and unfavorable genes are inherited that decrease/increase risk of disease
Environment
Exposure at home, workplace, community
Access to Health care
Poverty seems to be one the biggest barriers to health care
Access to health care helps prevent many diseases
There are many examples of how health habits are related to our health
Health habits
Cancer and smoking
Unhealthy diet and obesity
Sedentary lifestyle and obesity/heart disease
Walking and maintaining our weight
Balanced diet and preventing many chronic diseases
Heredity/Family History
Consider the genome which is the complete set of genetic material in your cells. And Genes control the production of proteins that play a structural and regulatory role in your body.
Errors in genes are responsible for ~3500 hereditary conditions
Ex. Sickle cell and cystic fibrosis
Environment
What you are exposed to at home, in the workplace in the community you live in impact your wellness
Family members that may abuse alcohol or drugs
Access to health care
Poverty seems to be one of the biggest barriers to health care
Access to health care helps to prevent many diseases
Ex. Vaccinations, regular checkups

13. Getting Serious About Your Health
Examine current health habits
Choose a Target Behavior
Defined as: One behavior you want to change; start simple
Learn About Your Target Behavior
Find Help

14. Changing Your Behavior
Set Realistic Goals
Your behavior change goals should be SMART
SPECIFIC
MEASURABLE
ATTAINABLE
REALISTIC
TIME-FRAME SPECIFIC

15. Transtheoretical Model of Change
Precontemplation
No intention of changing; belief that a problem does not exist
Contemplation
Recognize a problem and begin to contemplate the need to change
Preparation
Plan to take action, and may have a plan
Action
Begin to follow action plans or outwardly modify behavior
Maintenance
Have maintained a behavior for at least six months; Vigilance, attention to detail, and long-term commitment
Termination
New behavior has become an essential part of daily living; exited the cycle of change and no longer tempted to lapse back into old behavior

16. Taking Charge of Your Health
Chapter One