1. Protein-losing Nephropathy in Small Animals
Meryl P. Littman, VMD 
Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice 
Volume 41, Issue 1, Pages (January 2011)
DOI: /j.cvsm
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
The glomerular filtration barrier. (A) Overview of the structural components, including capillary endothelial cells, GBM, and podocyte foot processes (FP). The SD connects neighboring foot processes. Blue lines within the podocytes symbolize their actin cytoskeleton. (B) Molecules related to the nephrin-NEPH-podocin complex at the SD. Green arrows indicate effector pathways that have been proposed to be involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Only a subset of known molecules and interactions are shown. (C) Molecules at the podocytes-GBM interface and linkage to the FP actin cytoskeleton. Adhesion receptors expressed at the basal site of FP include integrin α3β1 and dystroglycan. Only a subset of known molecules and interactions are shown. DAG, diacylglycerol; dys, dystroglycan; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; ILK, integrin-linked kinase; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; pax, paxillin; PI3K, phosphoinositide-3 kinase; pod, podocin; syn, synaptopodin.
(From Zenker M, Machuca E, Antignac C. Genetics of nephrotic syndrome: new insights into molecules acting at the glomerular filtration barrier. J Mol Med 2009;87:850; with permission.)
Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice  , 31-62DOI: ( /j.cvsm )
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions