1. Paradoxes of Global Acceleration
The Modern Era
Paradoxes of Global Acceleration

2. Much of the world looked pretty bleak.
The World in 1945:
50 million people killed during WW II
Parts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa in ruins
World trade severely damaged
Much of the world looked pretty bleak.

3. The world entered a new era.
In Europe
Economies in ruins
colonial empires crumbling
Nationalist movements in Africa and Asia
Mandela in S. Africa
Gandhi in India
U.S. the major industrial & atomic power
The world entered a new era.

4. Cold War policies developed:
The USSR occupied Eastern Europe and part of Germany.
U.S. wants to stop spread of Communism
“Containment Policy”
system of alliances and military aid to rebuild Europe ($13 billion)
“Iron Curtain”
tense relations b/w US & allies v. USSR & Soviet Bloc (nations under USSR control)
1945: The Soviet Union and the U.S. each have 12 million troops. Soviets maintain army.
Get date of Marshal.

5. The Cold War: USSR & USA never fought directly
The World became divided into two hostile camps: The U.S.S.R. and the U.S.
Joseph Stalin
Pres. Harry
Truman
The Cold War: USSR & USA never fought directly

6. I guess it made sense at the time.
Followed a policy of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD).
I guess it made sense at the time.
Each side threatens to use nuclear weapons against each other
Nuclear Bomb: Library of Congress Reproduction Number: LC-USZC2-727 (color film copy transparency) Call Number: Unprocessed [item] [P&P]
Attack drill:
The U.S. and U.S.S.R had enough nuclear bombs to destroy the world about 400 times.

7. The Cold War: battle on other fronts
Fights over Communism spreading in Asia:
– Korean War
– Vietnam War

8. During the Cold War many former colonized peoples created new nations.
India (1947) & Ghana (1957) gain independence from Britain.
Indonesia independence from Dutch (1949)
By 1965 most former European colonies had become newly created independent nation-states. .
Sukarno:
Nehru:
The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. competed for the loyalties of these new nations.

9. Colonialism left new nations “Underdeveloped
Colonialism left new nations “Underdeveloped.” This table shows how shares of world Gross Domestic Product changed between 1870 and 1998.
Date
India
China
Africa
Japan
Western Europe and U.S.
1870
12.2
17.2
3.6
2.3
42.5
1913
7.6
8.9
2.7
2.6
52.6
1950
4.2
4.5
3.0
53.6
1973
3.1
4.6
3.3
7.7
47.7
1998
5.0
11.5
Table data adapted from Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001), 263.
What might we learn from this table about patterns of economic development in the world?

10. In 1750, China and India provided 57% of world manufacturing.
In 1953, they manufactured only 4% of the world’s goods.
What caused such a dramatic change?

11. In the 1960s, as the colonized people gained independence, the world-wide split between the North –rich industrial nations—and the South – poor “third world” nations—grew wider.
Poverty: International Gaming Industry. Poverty Relief Project.

12. How did Western leaders try to restore world trade after World War II?
In 1944:
Created the World Bank.
Established the International Monetary Fund.
Established stable currency exchange rates.
Ushered in global economic cooperation.
Eventually led to Free Market Capitalism
Bretton Woods: Photo by Don Johnson
However, these agreements did not include the Soviet bloc nations

13. Post WWII, move towards Free Trade
In theory, free world trade encourages greater economic specialization, more productivity, and greater wealth.
And each country can concentrate on what it does best.
Efficient use of world resources
Tariffs (trade taxes) are eliminated.
Businesses can move where
make more profits.
More jobs are created.
People have more money
Larger bullets smaller call out for Mundo

14. What is free market capitalism?
In the 1980s the U.S. moved to expand free market capitalism
Little gov regulation in the market
Freedom of choice
Borderless market economy
People should be free to pursue economic self-interest
Consuming goods a major value
What is free market capitalism?
However, most nations continued to pursue some forms of economic nationalism

15. In the 1980s China moved toward a free-market system and joined the global economy.
China’s Trade surplus balance with U.S. $666.2 billion in the 2004,
China now buys from 1-2 billion dollars of the U.S. debt each day.
China’s economy will probably equal that of US. In twenty-five years.

16. In 1989, the Berlin Wall came down and the Cold War ended.
E. European countries broke away from USSR
USSR broke into 12+ new states.
The Berlin Wall was built in August 1961
The Wall was
destroyed
on November 9, 1989
Berlin Wall.
Fall of Berlin Wall.

17. In 1991, India embraced a free market system and joined the global economy.
India is now the fourth largest world economy after the U.S., China and Japan.
India’s growth rate has averaged about 5.8% for the past 15 years.
Major exports include
Clothing
Automobiles
Handicrafts

18. In the 1990s, Globalization now embraced the majority of the world’s economies.
With the collapse
U.S., the major world power, became the chief advocate of free market capitalism for the global system.
What is Globalization?

19. Globalization Increasing global connections
Faster communication and transportation
Rapid growth of worldwide social relationships.
Swift and free flow of money, goods, people, & ideas across national borders

20. World population has been
rapidly increasing.
Wow! More than 6
billion
people
now alive.
billions 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
yrs yrs yrs yrs – 13 yrs
The time it takes to add one billion people grows shorter.

21. Life expectancy is rising,
Country
Average Life Expectancy
Sweden
79.2
France 78
United States
71.1
Bangladesh
62.8
Botswana
40.1
Zimbabwe
39.2
Life expectancy is rising,
but it varies world wide.
Average life
expectancy
for the world
is 70 years.

22. Look at this antique computer. It doesn’t even have a hard drive!
Speed of travel has increased dramatically.
1957
1981
World wide communication is almost instant
Look at this antique computer. It doesn’t even have a hard drive!
Space shuttle: Space%20Shuttle(72).jpg
Computer:
1962
1977
1982

23. The computer has been changing billions of lives.
IT Engineer seeks house..
Will you be my E-pal?
Pictures by Don Johnson
Computers: classroomtechnology/labs/
We’re catching up with the U.S. economy.
I raised my campaign funds via the internet.
Where are the books I ordered?
I’m applying to college.

24. But what does globalization have to do with me?
Cap from Bangladesh
Jeans from Malaysia
Shirt from Mexico
Video game from Japan
Backpack from China
Photo by Don Johnson
Sneakers from Indonesia
Soccer ball from Pakistan

25. New technologies allow humans to control nature like never before
Expanding technology makes possible a cornucopia of new products for us
gcl.html

26. More goods are being produced, bought, and sold worldwide than ever before.
What shall I buy next?

27. Globalization also spreads ideas and values.
MacDonalds Moscow: Photo by R. Dunn
Coca Cola Arabic: Photo by R. Dunn
Bollywood:
Soccer: by Jacqueline Ramseyer
Mickey Mouse Club:
Yoga:
Tai chi:

28. Democratic ideas have spread to more countries than ever before.
India
Korea
Japan
Taiwan
Malaysia
Qatar
Mali
Brazil
South Africa
                       
Statue:
India Council of States:
Paz:

29. But globalization brings high human costs.
Although the world’s people are producing more than 47 trillion dollars in wealth, these riches are not distributed equally.

30. The growing gap between the rich and the poor continues to increase.
20% get most of the wealth.
The U.S. owns 11 trillion dollars of this wealth.
2 billion of the world’s people live on less than $2 a day.
Peasants are forced to leave the land as money and wage economies spread.
Workers without education and skills are often left behind.

31. Ranking
GDP/value added
$trillion 1
United States
9.9 2
Japan
4.7 7
China
1.23
$billion 40
Malaysia
89.7 41
Colombia
81.3 42
Philippines
74.7 43
Chile
70.5 44
Wal-Mart Stores
67.7 45
Pakistan
61.6 46
Peru
53.5 47
Algeria
53.3 48
Exxon
57.6 49
Czech Republic
50.8 50
New Zealand 51
Bangladesh
47.1 52
United Arab Emirates
46.5 53
General Motors
46.2 54
Hungary
45.6 55
Ford Motor
45.1 56
Mitsubishi
44.3 57
Mitsui
41.3 58
Nigeria
41.1 59
Citigroup
39.1 60
Itachu
38.4
Gross Domestic
Product (GDP)
of Selected
Countries and
Corporations
2002
Corporations in bold face
Some big multinational corporations have more wealth than many nations.
Adapted from Wolf, 2002: 7. Based on World Bank and Fortune magazine data.

32. In poor countries child labor is widespread
In poor countries child labor is widespread. Some 212 million children of ages 5-14 are working instead of going to school.
These young girls work 12 hours a day, 6 days a week, earning $2-3 per week.
Two girls: Photo by Don Johnson,
Child worker:
Most child labor involves high energy work.

33. Outsourcing is increasing.
In 2003, U.S. lost 234,000 information techn jobs.
An estimated 14 million more jobs may move overseas.
But U.S. loss is a gain for India, China, Ireland, Korea and other nations
                           
                           
                              
Three men: Photo by Ramesh Sharma
Infosys campus:
Narayana Murthy (right) and his Infosys Information Technology complex in Bangalore, India.

34. Manufacturing and capital flows to the areas of the world where they can make the most profits.
Keep business away:
Strong labor unions
High wages
Environment protection laws and
Unstable governments .

35. The speed of globalization results in environmental problems from
over-cutting forests.
burning fossil fuels.
producing more industrial and consumer waste.
classes.colgate.edu/.../ ecopain/copy/air.htm
home.howstuffworks.com/ irrigation6.htm

36. Growing threats to the environment affect all people

37. Lots of people question globalization.
Globalization is forcing my child to work. .
Free trade is destroying us farmers.
Hollywood is ruining
our
children.
Development is destroying our rain forest.
We have 50 million people living in poverty.
Industrial countries are leaving us out of Globalization.

38. You mean it’s not good for everyone?
Globalization involves contradictions.
Profitable industry but widening gap between rich and poor?
Lots of cultural pluralism but people becoming “homogenized?” (losing culture, becoming the same)
Increasing interdependence but small communities banding more tightly together?
Huge wealth in industrialized nations but great poverty in other countries?
You mean it’s not good for everyone?
Put in debt chart here

39. Some people believe that globalization is “cultural imperialism”.
Can you interpret how this cartoon depicts the idea of “cultural imperialism?”
From Teaching About Globalization

40. People respond to globalization differently.
Some:
wholeheartedly embrace it.
seek to maintain their traditions
fight for more economic fairness.
turn to religion.
turn violent
try to manage it for greater human good.
Photo by R. Dunn.
A house in Figuig, an oasis
in Morocco on the edge of the
Sahara Desert. This family
reaches out to the world through
its satellite dish.

41. Terrorism has ushered in a new global threat.
Modern military strategies and weapons are often ineffective against suicide attacks.
Terrorists communicate and spread their ideologies using cell phones and the Internet.
Terrorist groups may have cells in many nations.
                                 

42. Are we entering a new era of international relations?
In 2002, the United States government adopted policies of massive military intervention as part of a war on terror.
2002 – U.S. forces invaded Afghanistan to topple the government of the Taliban, which was cooperating with international terrorists.
2003 – U.S. forces invaded Iraq to overthrow the government of Saddam Hussein. The U.S. accused him of supporting terrorism.
Are we entering a new era of
international relations?

43. Do these factors help us answer the question?
In this new era will the U.S. act as democratic leader, the supreme world power, as an empire?
Do these factors help us answer the question?
owns about one fourth of the world’s wealth.
working to create democratic institutions in Afghanistan, Iraq, and other countries.
has military force equal to the next 20 countries combined.
striving to be a model of democracy for the world.
maintains 725 military bases, valued at $118 billion, with 254,000 military personnel in 153 nations.

44. One person can make a difference.
Your decisions and actions will help shape the future.
Will we cooperate to fight terrorism and work to ensure that all people live in dignity? How these issues turn out is really up to us.
Tiananmen Square, Beijing: TiananmenSquare.htm
One person can make a difference.

45. Your World History course may end here, but it’s not over yet!