1. Do Now
Answer in your journal using sentences. You might have to guess – that’s okay!
Where do you think music came from? When do you think it was started? What type (s) of music do you think were first performed and notated?

2. Overview of Music History

3. Middle Ages / Medieval 450 – 1450 Sacred Music
Mostly vocal music until 1100
After 1100, the church allowed instruments to be played.
The organ was the most popular then.
Most notated music was sacred
Why? The church had control over learning.
Most composers were anonymous because they were taught that it was wrong to take credit and brag about their works. They were taught that God would be unhappy with them.

4. Middle Ages / Medieval 450 – 1450 Secular music – non-religious
Troubadours traveled the country, singing their love songs.
They used drums, bagpipes, harps, and recorders.
Why do you think they didn’t notate their music?

5. Quick Question… What makes Sacred music different from Secular music?
Which was more likely to be notated?

6. Middle Ages / Medieval
Gregorian Chant: The earliest music of the Middle Ages was sung slowly and without rhythm or harmony. Everyone sang the same thing.
These tunes are also called Gregorian Chant, which were named after Pope Gregory I.

8. Middle Ages / Medieval
Polyphony: Later on other musical lines were added, creating harmony. This is also called polyphonic music.
This is music for more than one voice and it appeared during the later Medieval period. This marked the beginning of harmony.

9. What was the earliest music of the Middle Ages?
What kind of music appeared later in the Middle Ages? What did it have that made it different?

10. Ballad Ballads were sung outside of churches and told stories.
Topics included love, war, and heroes.
Every other line rhymes within a verse– ABAB
Verse One: Verse Two:
….. A ….C
….. B ….D
…. A ….C
…. B ….D

11. Medieval Listening Example
“Graduale”
By – Anonymous
Include title, composer, and three musical ideas using sentences in your journal. Don’t forget your introduction and conclusion.
Just fyi – the gradual is a responsorial chant and is the only type, other than the Alleluia, that is sung without an any action, such as a processional. It comes in between readings.

12. “Graduale”
“Graduale” is a peaceful song. It was a Gregorian Chant. It doesn’t have any instruments playing with it. This song is religious. The color of this song is orange, because it is mellow.

13. Do Now
Answer these questions in your journals. Try to do this without using your notes if you can.
1. In the Medieval Period, where did you go to learn?
2. What was a popular church instrument near the end of this period?
3. Who traveled singing love songs?
4. What type of songs are slow, without rhythm or harmony?

14. Do Now
Answer these questions in your journals. Try to do this without using your notes if you can.
What is the form / rhyme scheme of a ballad?
What does anonymous mean?
What was the topic of your ballad?

15. _____ _____ 3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts move
Name___________________________________________________ Period ________ Essential Question of the Lesson: What are the characteristics of music from the Renaissance time period? Directions: Determine whether each statement is true or false and mark your answer in the column marked Before.
Before After
_____ _____ 1. During the Renaissance, the middle and upper class hired tutors to educate their children.
_____ _____ 2. Polyphonic music is when everyone performs the same melody and rhythms at the same time.
_____ _____ 3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts move
at the same time in chords.
_____ _____ 4. A madrigal is a non-religious (secular) song that people
sing and is often a love song.
_____ _____ 5. A motet is a non-religious song that people sing.
_____ _____ 6. A mass is a religious (sacred) song that people sing.
_____ _____ 7. The lute is a popular instrument during the Renaissance.
_____ _____ 8. Instrumental music was mostly for singing and dancing during the Renaissance.
_____ _____ 9. Palestrina was the worst composer from the Renaissance.

16. Renaissance
Renaissance means “rebirth”- in this case, it was a rebirth of Greek and Roman culture.
It lasted from
The middle and upper classes hired people to educate their children.
The printing press was invented and popularized the music of great composers.

17. Renaissance Music
Most Renaissance music is polyphonic – two or more voices being heard with different rhythms.
Near the end of the Renaissance, chordal music appeared. The voices moved together in chords.

18. Here are some questions
What does Renaissance mean?
What was invented that popularized the music of great composers?
What does it mean for music to be polyphonic in the Renaissance time period?

19. Vocal A Capella Music
Madrigals - These song forms were performed in groups of four, five, or six singers. A madrigal is secular music and were usually love songs.
Motets - a polyphonic work with four or five voice parts singing one religious Latin text.
Mass - follows the religious service of the Catholic Church and is sung in a very specific order: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Benedictus, and Agnus Dei. It is performed in Latin.

20. Instrumental Music
There was a growth in instrumental music, especially the lute and keyboard. The most popular instrument of the Renaissance was the lute.
Most instrumental music was written for singing and dancing.

21. Let’s answer these.
What were the three kinds of a capella music? Which one follows the religious service of the Catholic Church?
What was the most popular instrument in the Renaissance time period?

22. Palestrina’s music shows pitch and rhythm.
He was Italian and wrote mostly religious works.
He is considered one of the great masters of Renaissance music.
He wrote motets, madrigals, and masses.

23. Renaissance Listening Example
“Kyrie”
By Palestrina

24. Do Now
Answer these questions in your journals. Use sentences! Try to do this without using your notes if you can. Then, finish the true/false paper in the “After” column from yesterday.
1. What does Renaissance mean?
2. When two or more voices are singing different rhythms, what is that called? Kyrie was an example of this.
3. Out of madrigals, motets, and masses, which is NOT religious?
4. What two things was instrumental music used for in the Renaissance?
5. Who was a great Renaissance composer?

25. Baroque Activitation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTVraVgzC9U
Organ – Bach

26. _____ _____ 3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts move
Name___________________________________________________ Period ________ Essential Question of the Lesson: What are the characteristics of music from the Renaissance time period? Directions: Determine whether each statement is true or false and mark your answer in the column marked Before.
Before After
_____ _____ 1. During the Renaissance, the middle and upper class hired tutors to educate their children.
_____ _____ 2. Polyphonic music is when everyone performs the same melody and rhythms at the same time.
_____ _____ 3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts move
at the same time in chords.
_____ _____ 4. A madrigal is a non-religious (secular) song that people
sing and is often a love song.
_____ _____ 5. A motet is a non-religious song that people sing.
_____ _____ 6. A mass is a religious (sacred) song that people sing.
_____ _____ 7. The lute is a popular instrument during the Renaissance.
_____ _____ 8. Instrumental music was mostly for singing and dancing during the Renaissance.
_____ _____ 9. Palestrina was the worst composer from the Renaissance.

27. Baroque 1600-1750 Baroque refers to highly decorated music and art.
Unity – repeating rhythms and melodic patterns
Sudden dynamic and tempo changes
Music was ornamented and improvised.

28. Baroque Music Orchestras begin to form Opera develops
Was written for and heard only by kings and nobility and the Church
Venice, Italy was the center of Baroque music
Harpsichord was more popular than the piano.

30. Some Questions
What two things could drastically change in music from the Baroque period?
What musical group began to form?
Where was the center of Baroque music?

31. Fugue The subject is stated by the first voice.
The other voices then enter imitating the same subject, one at a time.
The voices alternate subject and answer.

32. What about this?
What form of music had a theme or subject that was repeated by different voices at different times?
How is this different from a round?

33. Baroque Listening Example
“Fugue in G Minor”
By J. S. Bach

34. Do Now
Answer these questions in your journals. Try to do this without using your notes if you can. Use sentences!
1. In the Baroque period, there were extreme changes in what two musical elements?
2. What musical group began to form during the Baroque period? 3. What type of vocal music was being developed during this period?
4. What was the popular keyboard instrument during the Baroque period?

35. Do Now
Pick two time periods that we have done so far. Compare and contrast them. You may use your notes. Make sure you have at least 2 ways they are similar and 2 ways that they are different.

36. Classical Activation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKhH2hRa-WQ
Mozart Clip

37. Classical Period
The Classical period began around 1750 and lasted until 1830.
This was when Benjamin Franklin was discovering electricity.
This was also when the United States was being founded.

38. Music of the Classical Period
Music was simpler to play than Baroque music.
Music was written for everyone.
Common people began attending concerts.
Emotions were controlled in the music.
There were not extremes in tempo, dynamics, etc. like in the Baroque period.

39. Some Questions
Was the music simpler or more complex in the Classical time period than the music in the Baroque time period?
What were the emotions in the music like?

40. Classical Music
A symphony usually has 3 or 4 movements and uses the entire orchestra.
Orchestras were small, around 40 people, at the beginning of this period. They grew larger near the end.
Rondo form, ABACA, was commonly used. It alternates between one main themes and contrasting themes.

41. Can you answer this? How many movements did symphonies normally have?
Did the orchestras grow in size or shrink towards the end of the time period?
What form was commonly used in the Classical time period?

42. Classical Listening Example
“Rondo alla turka”
By Mozart

43. Creating Music!
In groups of four or five, you will be composing a piece in the Rondo Form. (ABACA)
Use the handout to help you write your rhythms. Each section should be two measures long. (Write in the counts)
The time signature must stay the same throughout the piece.
Each person will only clap one section. (For the smaller groups, figure out who will clap two sections.)

44. Do Now
Answer these questions in your journals. Try to do this without using your notes if you can. Use sentences!
1. In the Classical period, music was for whom?
2. In Classical music, were there large contrasts in tempo and dynamics?
3. What has a few movements and is for an entire orchestra?
4. What is the type of song with a form that is ABACA?

45. Romantic Activation
Fantasia/Fantasia 2000 Clip – Sorcerer’s Apprentice
Think – Pair – Share – what do you think are characteristics of Romantic period music?

46. Romantic Period
The Romantic period began around 1830 and ended around 1900.
Yes, there was some overlap between the classical period and romantic period.
In fact, Beethoven bridged the two periods during his lifetime.

47. Romantic Music Program music tells a story or describes something.
Music is filled with passion and drama.
Composers used music to overwhelm listeners with emotion, writing sad, sweeping pieces about love and heartbreak and magical fantasies about goblins, witches, and swans.
The orchestra is arranged as we know it and was led by a conductor with a baton.
The most popular instrument was the piano.

48. Can you answer these?
Who bridged the Classical and Romantic time periods?
What is program music?
What was the most popular instrument?

49. Romantic Listening Example
“March,” from The Nutcracker
By Tchaikovsky

50. Creating Music!!! Program music! Each student will work by themselves.
Make up a character and write a short paragraph about them.
Write a description of how the theme music you are thinking of relates to your character.
Quickly hum or sing your melody by ear.
You will be playing/singing this for the class.

51. Modern Activiation
John Cage Piano Sonata X for prepared piano

52. Modern Period
1900 – Present

53. Neoclassical Composer: Aaron Copland
Uses techniques used in Baroque and Classical periods
Opposition to current musical trends

54. Serialism Composer: Arnold Schoenberg Music has no tonal center
Randomly uses all 12 notes of the scale in a tone row
Aleatoric: created by chance.

55. Answer these!
What type of music used techniques from the Baroque and Classical time periods?
What type of music used all 12 notes of the scale in a tone row?

56. Minimalism Composer: Phillip Glass
Uses small patterns to create effects
Extended Ostinati
Drones in the background

57. Electronic Composer: Karlheinz Stockhausen Uses tape loops
Found sounds, recorded then modified with computer.
Synthesized sounds: original sounds are artificially created.

58. What about this? What type of music used tape loops?
What type of music used small patterns to create effects?

59. Modern Review A time of musical experimentation
Electronic music becomes a main focus
Atonality – Music without a tonal center
Broken into Currents
Neoclassical
Serialism
Minimalism
Electronic

60. Modern Listening Example
“Gentleman’s Honor”
By Phillip Glass

61. Modern Music Categorize
Schoenberg’s Pierrot Lunaire, “Nacht”
Stravinsky’s Symphony in Three Movements or Aaron Copland’s Appalachian Spring
Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jünglinge (literally "Song of the Youths")
John Adam’s Shaker Loops
Neoclassical
Minimalism
Electronic
Serialism

62. Creating Music!!! We are going to experiment with Soundscapes
Be creative
Work in groups of 3-4
When you are finished your group will perform for the class.

63. Do Now
Answer these questions in your journals. Try to do this without using your notes if you can.
Define a tone row.
What repeats small patterns and uses drones in the background?
Who is a composer of Minimalism music?
List the types of modern music.

64. Music History Word Splash
Using as many words here as possible, write a letter to the students in the next rotation about what you learned about music history.
Medieval
Baroque
Minimalism
Madrigal
Renaissance
Sacred
Secular
Unison
Program music
Beethoven
Modern
Romantic
Chordal
Gregorian Chant
Polyphonic
Motet
Rondo
Tone Row
Serialism
Classical
Mass
Fugue