1. Unit 13: Australia and Oceania

4. Australia

7. Migration & Settlement
Aborigines: Native Australians, 250 diff. languages, cherish the land, came to Australia via ancient land bridge from SE Asia
1770 Australia discovered by James Cook
1787 became a British penal colony
As British came, Aborigines died out to only 50,000 now
90% of population live within 100 miles from the coast

8. Aboriginal People Land is scared
Australian Government (under the British) forced Aborigines who were hunter/gathers to farm/ranch
Govt promoted assimilation of aboriginal children

9. Aborigines Continued
Stolen Generation: kids taken and given to white families
Land Rights Act of 1976: gave aboriginal ppl the right to Northern Territory
Mabo Case: recognized that the Aborigines owned the land before the British
Wik Case: Aborigines can claim land held under pastoral lease (govt rented land)
Governmental has since made a formal apology

10. Great Barrier Reef

11. Ocean Life of the Great Barrier Reef
Plankton
Bioluminescence: fish use photophores to give off a glow
Atolls: ring-shaped coral reefs
Hydrothermal vents: hot, mineral rich cracks on the ocean floor

12. The Outback Vast dry desert Perceptual region
Underdeveloped, but tourism helps
One road through the whole region, but many airports

13. Urban Rim Sydney, Canberra, & Melbourne
Sydney: capital of new South Wales, great harbor, & Sydney Opera House, oldest & largest city
Melbourne: capital of Victoria, 2nd largest city, lots of factories
Canberra: capital of country, only planned city,
Australia has a Prime Minister and a Cabinet, federation (like USA)

14. Tasmania island, mountainous, & heavily forested
Hobart: 190,000 ppl & is the capital of Tasmania

15. Invasive Species vs. Indigenous Animals
Brought to Australia in the 1800s
MAJOR environmental problems
No natural enemies
Rabbit Proof Fence

17. New Zealand
North Island & South Island made of volcanoes and geysers (hot springs of water that shoot into the air)
79% of Euro decent
Produce ¼ of world’s kiwi
¾ live on N. island (Auckland)
Wellington (capital) on North island b/w N & S

18. Maori People Indigenous population of New Zealand
Maintain most of their traditional ways
Make up only a fraction of New Zealand’s population today.

19. Papua New Guinea 700 ethnic groups 80% farming Communication is poor
Mine gold, copper
Mostly still at primary Economic activity level

20. Island Groups
Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia are grouped together based on culture and location
All 3 groups share a similar language

21. Melanesia: Fiji – heavy tourism
Island Groups
Melanesia: Fiji – heavy tourism
Micronesia

22. Marshall Islands (includes the Bikini Atoll)
Atoll Islands
Kiribati
Marshall Islands (includes the Bikini Atoll)

23. Tonga: 169 islands, big for tourism Samoan Islands: don’t like tourism
More Pacific Islands
Tonga: 169 islands, big for tourism
Samoan Islands: don’t like tourism

24. More Pacific Islands
Vanuatu
Palau

25. Bikini Atoll: storage of nuclear waste & US testing site
And More Islands
Bikini Atoll: storage of nuclear waste & US testing site
New Caledonia

26. Trust Territories
Guam
American Samoa

27. Tahitian Black Pearl Industry
Indigenous to French Polynesia
Industry wasn’t regulated so there was overproduction and they nearly went extinct.
In order for the industry to survive, there will need to be government regulation

28. Easter Island Chilean Dependency Rapa Nui – indigenous people
Discovered by the Dutch on Easter
Famous for the Moai (large heads), over 800 statues

29. Antarctica 1/10 of the world’s land ICE
Avg temp is -71 degrees but can get as cold as -128 degrees
<2 inches of rain per yr
Crevasses: large cracks in the ice
Pack Ice: icebergs mix with ice
Convergence Zone: where cold Antarctic waters meet the warmer ocean waters
Krill: shrimplike creature love convergence zones
Shared by many countries
Lots of natural resources, too cold to get them