Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

3.What is the advantage of cells being small?

Published byMae McKenzie Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "3.What is the advantage of cells being small?"— Presentation transcript:

1 3.What is the advantage of cells being small?
Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect how efficiently materials get to all parts of a cell? 1. On a sheet of paper, make a drawing of a cell that has the following dimensions: 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm. Then you should draw another cell about 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm. 2. Compare your drawings. How much longer do you think it would take to get from the cell membrane to the center of the big cell than from the cell membrane to the center of the smaller cell? 3.What is the advantage of cells being small? It would take twice the amount of time. If cells are small, materials can be distributed to all parts of the cell quickly.

2 Image from: http://www. bcps. org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow
CELL GROWTH & DIVISION Image by Riedell

3 2 Reasons why cells divide
DNA OVERLOAD 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too great Ex: Small town library has 1000 books. As town grows and more people borrow books, there may be a waiting list to read the most popular titles

4 2 Reasons why cells divide
Material exchange can’t keep up 2. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand for transport across membrane is too great

5 Need for these depends on ___________
Ability to transport oxygen, food, waste across cell membrane depends on _______________ Need for these depends on ___________ SURFACE AREA CELL VOLUME As cell grows these DON’T increase at the same rate

6 Ratio of Surface Area to Volume in Cells
Section 10-1 Cell Size Surface Area (length x width x 6) Volume (length x width x height) Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

7 BIGGER CELLS NEED MORE FOOD and OXYGEN, but CAN’T TRANSPORT
IT FAST ENOUGH or IN BIG ENOUGH QUANTITIES!

8 mainly by increasing cell number
Image from: Image by Riedell Multicellular organisms grow mainly by increasing cell number

9 DNA CAN BE: SPREAD OUT IN NON-DIVIDING CELLS SCRUNCHED UP
IN DIVIDING CELLS CHROMATIN CHROMOSOMES

10 DNA in PROKARYOTES BACTERIAL DNA is CIRCULAR HAVE ONE CHROMOSOME
NO NUCLEUS; ATTACHED TO CELL MEMBRANE

11 DNA in EUKARYOTES (Plants & Animals)
DNA is ROD-SHAPED CHROMOSOMES MANY PAIRS FOUND IN NUCLEUS

12 DNA is organized and packaged into structures called chromosomes.
A human cell contains 46 chromosomes. (somatic cells) Chromosomes are composed of a substance called chromatin

13 Each strand of chromosomes is called a chromatid.
Identical strands are called sister chromatids and are held together by centromeres. During cell division, the sister chromatids are seperated at the centromere, and one ends up in each daughter cell.

14 Chromosome structure CHROMATIDS CENTROMERE HOMOLOGOUS
___________________ identical arms __________________ constricted area holds chromatids together CENTROMERE HOMOLOGOUS __________________ PAIR 2 of each chromosome (one from mom; one from dad)

15 HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
SAME SIZE SAME SHAPE CARRY GENES for the SAME TRAITS BUT ______________! (Don’t have to have the SAME CHOICES) NOT IDENTICAL

16 CELL DIVISION in PROKARYOTES
Bacteria reproduce using __________________________________ BINARY FISSION

17 CELL CYCLE ______________ = series of events that cells go through as they grow and develop cells alive cell cycle

18 CELL CYCLE INTERPHASE – non-dividing phase
G1- Grow bigger Cell is “doing its job” DNA is spread out as chromatin S - Synthesis (copy DNA) & chromosomal proteins G2- Grow bigger, make organelles & molecules needed for cell division

19 CELL DIVISION MITOSIS – Nuclear division Prophase Metaphase Anaphase
Telophase Cytokinesis – Cytoplasm divides G0 – cell stops dividing (Ex: nerve cell)

20 Figure 10–4 The Cell Cycle Section 10-2 G1 phase M phase S phase

21

22 INTERPHASE (G1 - S - G2) Can’t see chromosomes
In between divisions Cells are in this phase most of the time Can see nucleus DNA spread out as chromatin Can’t see chromosomes DNA gets copied (S) Cell gets ready to divide

23 PROPHASE 1st dividing phase DNA scrunches into chromosomes
Pearson Education Inc publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall PROPHASE 1st dividing phase DNA scrunches into chromosomes Centrioles appear in centrosome region & move to poles Nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappear Spindle fibers form & attach to chromosomes

24 ________ region organizes spindle
CENTROSOME Spindle MICROTUBULES are part of cytoskeleton

25 METAPHASE Chromosomes line up in ___________ middle
Images from: Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

26 ANAPHASE Centromeres split Centrioles pull chromatids_______ apart
Images from: Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

27 two TELOPHASE (reverse prophase steps) See ______ nuclei
Nuclear membrane & nucleolus return Chromosomes spread out as chromatin Centrioles disappear Spindle fibers disappear Images from: Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

28 CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm splits into 2 cells CLEAVAGE FURROW
ANIMAL CELLS pinch cytoplasm in two with a ______________________ CLEAVAGE FURROW

29 CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm splits into 2 cells
PLANT CELLS can’t pinch because they have a sturdy ____________ Plant cells separate cytoplasm by growing a _______________ down the middle. CELL WALL CELL PLATE

30 http://highered. mcgraw-hill

31 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Chromatin Centromere Nuclear envelope Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Telophase Individual chromosomes Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

32 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Chromatin Centromere Nuclear envelope Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Telophase Individual chromosomes Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

33 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Chromatin Centromere Nuclear envelope Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Telophase Individual chromosomes Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

34 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Chromatin Centromere Nuclear envelope Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Telophase Individual chromosomes Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

35 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Chromatin Centromere Nuclear envelope Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Telophase Individual chromosomes Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

36 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Chromatin Centromere Nuclear envelope Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Telophase Individual chromosomes Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

37 Videos Animal Cell Mitosis Animal Cell Cytokinesis

38 Concept Map Cell Cycle Section 10-2 includes is divided into

39 Concept Map Cell Cycle Section 10-2 includes M phase (Mitosis)
Interphase is divided into is divided into G1 phase S phase Prophase G2 phase Metaphase Telophase Anaphase

40 SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things 9-12.L Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. Transport (ANALYSIS) cell membranes, homeostasis Cell life cycles (ANALYSIS) Examples: somatic cells (mitosis)

41 Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors
High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: predict the function of a given structure; predict the outcome of changes in the cell cycle; predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems; PROFICIENT level: describe the relationship between structure and function explain how homeostasis is maintained within living systems; compare and contrast the cell cycles in somatic and germ cells; BASIC level recognize that different structures perform different functions define homeostasis; describe the life cycle of somatic cells;

Download ppt "3.What is the advantage of cells being small?"

Similar presentations

CHAPTER 8 VOCAB. Type of cell division used by organisms to grow bigger, repair injuries, and replace worn out cells. Condition in which a cell has grown.

CHAPTER 8 VOCAB. Type of cell division used by organisms to grow bigger, repair injuries, and replace worn out cells. Condition in which a cell has grown.
Warm-up 11/11/14 Why is there a limit to cell size? Why do we not have cells as big as buildings?

Warm-up 11/11/14 Why is there a limit to cell size? Why do we not have cells as big as buildings?
Cell Division #1 JEOPARDY S2C06 Jeopardy Review What Phase Is it? Vocabulary Cell Division Picture ID More Vocab 100 200 300 400 500.

Cell Division #1 JEOPARDY S2C06 Jeopardy Review What Phase Is it? Vocabulary Cell Division Picture ID More Vocab
Section 10-1 Getting Through

Section 10-1 Getting Through
Cell Growth and Division

Cell Growth and Division
Chapter 10 Cell division Review. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________ centromere The phase of the cell.

Chapter 10 Cell division Review. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________ centromere The phase of the cell.
Image from: Image by Riedell CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2.

Image from: Image by Riedell CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2.
3.What is the advantage of cells being small?

3.What is the advantage of cells being small?
Cell division Review. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________ centromere.

Cell division Review. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________ centromere.
Chapter 10 Cell division Review. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________ centromere The phase of the cell.

Chapter 10 Cell division Review. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________ centromere The phase of the cell.
Image from: Image by Riedell CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2.

Image from: Image by Riedell CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2.
CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too.

CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too.
Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect.

Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect.
Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect.

Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect.
Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect.

Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect.
THE CELLULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

THE CELLULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too.

CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too.
Cell division Review. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ________________ centromere The phase of the cell cycle in which.

Cell division Review. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ________________ centromere The phase of the cell cycle in which.
CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. Pre-assessment Quiz Cell Growth and Division.

CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & Pre-assessment Quiz Cell Growth and Division.
Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect.

Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google