1. CHAPTER 16
REVIEW

2. The first shots of the Civil War were fired
A. at Fort Sumter, a Union fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
B. at Abraham Lincoln by Robert E. Lee.
C. in the First Battle of Bull Run, near Manassas, Virginia
D. as part of the Anaconda Plan.

3. What was Lincoln’s response to the Union loss at Bull Run?
A. He replaced General Meade with Ulysses S. Grant.
B. He offered to resign from the presidency.
C. He called for 500,000 volunteers to enlist for three years.
D. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

4. The Confederates believed that they would be helped by Britain because
A. they could withhold cotton from world markets, and force France and Britain to aid the Confederate cause.
B. they could increase cotton production as a form of bribery to foreign textile-producing nations.
C. they were lending money to foreign governments in an attempt to buy their assistance.
D they were portraying themselves as victims of Northern aggression and brutality.

5. Use of the rifle and minie ball changed Civil War combat tactics because
A. their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter.
B. their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties.
C. they struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary.
D. their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars.

6. The main cause of death in the Civil War was
A. the introduction of new military technology such as ironclads, minie balls, and land mines.
B. poor battlefield decisions made by incompetent or inexperienced military leaders.
C. the poor medical attention wounded soldiers were likely to receive if wounded.
D. disease caused by poor hygiene and unsanitary camp conditions

7. The border states were important to both sides in the Civil War because
A. they contained most of the people and wealth of the country.
B. they believed in secession, but did not recognize slavery
C. their location and resources made them pivotal in tipping the scales to one side or the other.
D. many European immigrants lived there, and could influence the support of European nations.

8. Which of the following was NOT one of the reasons that soldiers enlisted to fight in the Civil War?
A. Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom
B. Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or belief in its cause.
C. Many enlistees hated what the other side stood for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible.
D. Some enlisted to get the recruitment money offered by both sides.

9. The Battle of Shiloh was considered a costly victory for the North because
A. it forced Lincoln to pull 20,000 troops away from the Peninsula Campaign, prolonging the war.
B. the number of dead and wounded Union soldiers was more than 13,000.
C. Grant's most talented lieutenant, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, was killed in battle.
D. so many resources were used up that McClellan was forced to postpone his campaign against Vicksburg.

10. Which was NOT one of the reasons Lee invaded the North after his victory at the Second Battle of Bull Run?
A. He knew that winning battles on Union soil would encourage his men and bring him personal glory.
B. Lee believed that a successful invasion of the North might convince Europe to side with the South.
C. The invasion would give Virginia farmers a break from the war during harvest season.
D. He hoped that a victory would force Lincoln to talk peace

11. Which of the following was NOT among the seven states which first seceded to form the Confederacy?
A. South Carolina
B. Mississippi
C. Kentucky
D. Florida
E. Louisiana
F. Georgia
G. Texas
H. Alabama

12. Before they enlisted most Civil War soldiers were
A. abolitionists
B. immigrants
C. slave owners
D. farmers
E. contestants on American Idol
F. Slaves

13. Virginia was important to the Confederacy because
A. it was a large and wealthy state.
B. it was the home of the talented general, Robert E. Lee.
C. its mountains and valleys served as a protective barrier for the Confederate capital in Charleston.
D. All the above
E. A and B only

14. Which border state was formed when it seceded from a Confederate state?
A. West Virginia
B. North Carolina
C. North Dakota
D. New Jersey
E. Arkansas

15. Which of the following were advantages held by the North?
A. Fighting on familiar territory.
B. Larger system of railroads.
C. Better military leadership.
D. Larger population.

16. Which was NOT an element of the Anaconda Plan?
A. a naval blockade of the South's coastline.
B. capture of the Confederate capital city.
C. gain control of the Mississippi River to cut the South in half
D. a dependence upon European aid.

17. Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all the following EXCEPT
A. boredom and hunger.
B. cold, dirty living conditions..
C. constant sickness and poor medical treatment.
D. incompetent military leadership.

18. The main cause of death in the Civil War was
A. poor battlefield decisions made by incompetent or inexperienced military leaders.
B. disease caused by poor hygiene and unsanitary camp conditions.
C. the introduction of new military technology such as ironclads, minie balls, and land mines.
D. the poor medical attention wounded soldiers were likely to receive if wounded.

19. Factors that contributed to the spread of disease among Civil War soldiers included all the following EXCEPT
A. deliberate infection by the enemy.
B. contaminated water and food.
C. poor diet and unsanitary conditions.
D. exposure to cold and rain.

20. Two advances in military technology that were used in the Civil War included
A. the minie ball.
B. poison gas.
C. land mines..
D. explosive rockets.
D. ironclad ships.

21. Which THREE of the following were important facts about the Battle of Antietam?
A. Lincoln was urged to remove Grant from command.
B. Lee lost nearly one-third of his fighting force.
C. Lincoln fired McClellan for being too cautious.
D. Several high-ranking officers were killed on both sides.
E. It was the bloodiest single day in all of American history.

22. With the capture of New Orleans, the North was well on its way to achieving its goal of
A. establishing a tight naval blockade of the Confederate coast.
B. gaining foreign support from Britain and France.
C. cutting the Confederacy in two.
D. capturing the Confederate capital at Charleston.

23. Capturing Fort Henry was important because
A. it opened up a river highway into the heart of the South for Union gunboats.
B. it brought Ulysses S. grant to Lincoln's attention.
C. it temporarily ended the Union threat to Richmond.
D. it gave complete control of the Mississippi River to the Confederacy.

24. Which of the following was NOT an important victory won by Union general Ulysses S. Grant?
A Shiloh
B. Fort Henry
C. New Orleans
D. Fort Donelson