1. Imperialism expands to East Asia
Unit Enduring Understandings
1. The motives of competition and profit often prompt people and groups to expand into new areas of opportunity.
2. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18th and 19th centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today.
3. Technology, transportation and communication enabled European nations to become the dominant world powers in the 19th century.
4. Centers of global economic and political power shift over time.
5. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems.
EQ – in what ways was imperialism in East Asia like that in the other regions of the world? What do you think will happen in the middle of 20th Century as Western enlightenment ideas reach the colonies controlled by Europe & US?
Read p 29 (Analyzing Assumptions) and complete questions – where can bias be perceived?
Read and in-text notation p 30 – Letter Opposing the English
Complete p31 (Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia)
Create a chart like this
then write at least two paragraphs that answer the agenda question with specific examples and explanations for why you concluded as you did.
Finish your cartoon, and include information from today’s lesson
Country/region
Reasons for imperialism
Method of conquest/control
Main products
effects
Africa
Mid-East
India
Asia

3. Dutch East India Company
Lands Claimed – Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas
Major Products – coffee, tin, rubber, cocoa, tropical fruits
Impact of Colonization – rigid class structure with the natives on the bottom and the Dutch settlers at the top
British
Lands Claimed – Singapore, Malaysia, Burma
Immigration policy – to fill need for labor in mines and on plantations, Chinese immigrants were brought in.
Impact of Colonization – British stayed in control, but Chinese soon outnumbered native Malays, leading to ethnic conflict that still exists today
Country was modernized and grew economically

4. France United States Lands Claimed - Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
Method of management – direct control with Frenchmen at the top positions of every institution – use of military force when “necessary”
Impact of Colonization – opposed local industries and required cash crops like rubber and rice to be grown on French-owned big plantations.
Significant mistreatment of locals including food shortages.
Brutality, mistreatment and racism (from the paternalistic French attitude) built anger and resentment that could not be off-set by French-built schools and roads.
Sets the stage for future conflict and war
United States
Lands Claimed –Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam, Hawai’i
Method of management– businessmen ran the colony after deposing traditional queen. Then the new “republic” government, headed by Dole, “asked” to be annexed by the US to become part of the US.
Cleveland was president at the time. James Blount was Cleveland’s representative and investigator there. His report of the underhanded coup led Cleveland to be appalled at the Dole private army’s takeover of Hawaii. He ordered Dole to reinstall the Queen. Dole refused. Cleveland opposed annexation because of the unethical and immoral methods of takeover. Congress refused annexation for that reason and because of the ethnic diversity there.
Flocks of American missionaries began arriving from Boston in 1820 and were welcomed warmly; many decided to stay on the islands rather than return to the frigid Northeast. Their new roots in paradise went deep: The missionaries became powerful sugar planters and politicians, often serving as advisers to the king.
The monarchy was weakened. The planters' powers were strengthened.
The United States was the biggest market for Hawaii's sugar. The transplanted planters longed for Hawaii to become part of the United States so they wouldn't have to worry about tariffs. The U.S. minister to Hawaii, John L. Stevens, was anxious to annex the islands as well.
Sensing this, Queen Liliuokalani was on the verge of imposing a new Constitution shifting power back to the monarchy - but she never got the chance.
On Jan. 16, 1893, U.S. Marines landed in Honolulu armed with Howitzer cannons and carbines. A group of 18 men - mostly American sugar farmers - staged a coup, proclaiming themselves the "provisional government" of Hawaii. Stevens gave immediate recognition to them as Hawaii's true government.
Imprisoned in Iolani Palace, Queen Liliuokalani issued a statement: "I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose minister, his excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu. ... Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said force, yield my authority until such time as the government of the United States shall undo the action of its representative and reinstate me."
President Grover Cleveland investigated the coup and fired Stevens. He apologized to the queen. And on Dec. 18, 1893, he briefed Congress on his findings:
"By an act of war, committed with the participation of a diplomatic representative of the United States and without authority of Congress, the government of a feeble but friendly and confiding people has been overthrown," Cleveland said. "A substantial wrong has thus been done, which a due regard for our national character, as well as the rights of the injured people, requires we should endeavor to repair."
Cleveland refused to approve the annexation of Hawaii. Soon, however, he was out of office, and President William McKinley gave it his blessing.
Impact of Colonization – Hawai’i lost its independence and traditional queen, saw immigration of Portuguese, Chinese and Japanese workers, education, transportation and communication were modernized.

5. Country/region
Reasons for imperialism
Method of conquest/control
Main products
effects
Africa
Trade, resources, national prestige power, slaves
Direct, indirect, assimilation and lots of violence and racism
Ivory, rubber, cash crops like palm oil and chocolate
Slavery, starvation, racism, inept governments
Mid-East
Trade routes, weaken ottoman empire, transport, resources (oil)
Geopolitical diplomacy, realpolitik power games, supporting national revolts
Oil, grain, trade routes including Suez Canal being built
Ottoman empire weakened, growth of Arab nationalism, Persian dominated by Russia & Britain
India
Trade, resources, national prestige
Trade deals, private violence, government violence, creation of direct control with the Raj
Tea, spices, cotton, coffee, jute, opium
British gov’t takes over India, rise of Indian nationalism, modernization of India
Asia
Trade, resources national prestige, transport
Direct control, violence, diplomacy and realpolitik power games
Rubber, rice, tea, cocoa, coffee, tin, tropical fruits, timber, oil
Most of Asia falls under European control, brutal conditions for some