1. Warm-Up Answer the following questions:
Who was the fascist leader of Italy?
Who was the leader of England during WWII?
At the Munich Conference, Germany was granted what territory?
Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with what country?
What three nations were the Axis Powers?
World War II began in Asia when Japan attacked what country?
England and France declared war on Germany when it attacked what country?
What is the word for the lightning war of Germany?
What country was bombed on a nightly basis after the fall of France?
Define appeasement:

2. The War in the Pacific
& Homefront

3. The Allies Strike Back Allies Turn the Tide of War
At this point, Japanese seem unbeatable
Tried to bomb Japan but did little damage but good for morale: Japan can be attacked
Japanese begin to believe they are not invincible
Battle of the Coral Sea  all in the air, Allies lost more ships, but stopped Japanese movement south
The Battle of Midway
Small island west of Hawaii
Admiral Yamamoto wanted to end U.S. Pacific fleet
U.S. outnumber 4 to 1
U.S. attacked while most Japanese planes were still on ships
Took out 332 planes, all 4 aircraft carriers, and 1 support ship
Americans have avenged Pearl Harbor

4. The Allies Strike Back The Allies go on the offensive
General Douglas MacArthur wanted to “island-hop” past Japanese strongpoints
Then got wind of Japanese building a strongpoint on the island of Guadalcanal
Act fast before it is completed
Became a struggle for six months and the Japanese lost (23,000 men out 36,000 died; became known as the “island of death”)
Japan was weakening

5. Tide Turns on Two Fronts
The North African Campaign
Germany: Erwin Rommel
GB: Bernard Montgomery (“Monty”)
Monty attacked the Axis by surprise and pushed them back  led to Operation Torch, led by Dwight D. Eisenhower on the other side and Rommel was finally defeated
The Invasion of Italy
Stalin urged Americans and British to invade France
FDR and Winston wanted Italy first
Took over Sicily  which removed Musso from power
Germany took control of Northern Italy, put Musso back in power
He would later be found disguised as a German soldier and killed
Fighting in Italy did not stop until May 1945

6. The North Africa Campaign: The Battle of El Alamein, 1942
Gen. Erwin Rommel, The “Desert Fox”
Gen. Bernard Law Montgomery (“Monty”)

7. Tide Turns on Two Fronts
Turning Point at Stalingrad
Now, b/c summer is back Hitler wanted the oil in the Caucasus Mountains and Stalingrad for its industry
Battle began on August 23, 1942
Nightly raids but Stalin ordered no retreat
Going to be a mistake like Hitler?
By November 1942, 90% of city owned by Germans
Until the Soviets counterattacked
90,000 frostbitten Germans asked for retreate but Hitler said no  surrendered
Now the Germans were on the defensive

8. Battle of Stalingrad Winter of 1942-1943
German Army
Russian Army
1,011,500 men
1,000,500 men
10,290 artillery guns
13,541 artillery guns
675 tanks
894 tanks
1,216 planes
1,115 planes

9. Life on Allied Home Fronts
Mobilizing for Total War
Factories converted their peacetime operations to wartime production
Made everything from boots to guns
Auto factories built tanks
By 1944  18 million U.S. workers (most women)
Shortage of consumer goods
Rationing of scarce items, meat, sugar, tires, gas, soap
Speed limit of 35mph saved gas and rubber
Conducted highly effective propaganda campaigns
One boy in USSR collected enough scrap metal to make 14,000 artillery shells
Another Soviet family used their life savings to pay for a tank
U.S. used pennies and bought government war stamps and bonds to finance the war.

10. Life on Allied Home Fronts
Civil rights curtailed by the war
Government propaganda also had a negative effect
Racial prejudice towards Japanese-Americans
Internment camps and loss of property towards the 127,000 Japanese-Americans
Almost 2/3 of people taken were Nisei, or Japanese Americans who were native-born American citizens
Camps were restricted military areas that were away from the coast, so the “threats” could not aid in an invasion
U.S. imprison some 31,275 people it wrongly considered “enemy aliens(foreigners).”