1. The War and American Life
Chapter 10 Section 3
The War and American Life

2. The War and American Life
Introduction
A. As the war dragged on problems
plagued both sides
1. Social
2. Economic

3. II. Opposition to the War
Northerners opposed war for many reasons
1. Some thought South had right to secede
2. Not worth loss of life and property
3. Most opponents were from Democratic
Party
Democrats divided in two wings
1. War Democrats
2. Peace Democrats

4. II. Opposition to the War
Northerners who wanted peace with South
called Copperheads
1. Gave speeches
2. Wrote articles
3. Tried to get soldiers to desert
4. Smuggled guns to South

5. II. Opposition to the War
Opponents to the War were difficult
problem for Lincoln
1. Did not want Copperheads hurting
war effort
2. Lincoln expanded wartime powers
3. Had 13,000 opponents of the war
arrested
a. No due process
b. Violated Fifth Amendment

6. II. Opposition to the War
Opponents to the war were difficult
problem for Lincoln
4. Government shut down more than
300 newspapers
a. Censorship
b. Violated First Amendment
c. Lincoln claimed newspapers
were violating military law

7. III. Raising the Armies
At beginning of war both sides relied on volunteers
1. North gave soldiers a bounty
2. Bounty system expensive and abused
Both passed conscription laws
1. Draft
2. South passed in 1862
a. Planters with more than 20 slaves
exempt
b. “Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight”
3. North in 1863
a. Exempt for $300 or find substitute

8. III. Raising the Armies Draft Riots
1. Opposition to draft led to violence
2. Some Northerners resented fighting
for freedom of blacks
a. Worst draft riot in New York in 1863
b dead, 1000 casualties
c. $1.5 million in damage
d. 20,000 federal troops restored order

9. III. Raising the Armies Billy Yank and Johnny Reb
1. Northerners called Yankees
2. Southerners called Rebels
3. Soldiers called Billy Yanks and
Johnny Rebs
4. Soldiers came from every walk of life
a. Farmers
b. Craftworkers
c. Laborers
d. Office workers, professionals

10. III. Raising the Armies Billy Yank and Johnny Reb
5. Most soldiers under age of 21
6. As war went on, age limits expanded
a. drafted men 17-50
7. Many soldiers were immigrants from
Europe
a. ¼ of Union, 1/10 Confederates
b. Many immigrants became soldiers
upon arrival

11. Foreign Soldiers in Civil War
Numbers of foreign born soldiers
German c. 200,000
Irish c. 150,000
British c. 150,000
Canadians c. 50,000
others c. 75,000 (mostly European)

12. III. Raising the Armies Billy Yank and Johnny Reb
8. Few soldiers had experience
9. Desertion common
10. Camp life difficult
a. Sanitation
b. Food
c. Clothing
d. Pass the time between battles

13. Soldiers Rations Union Daily Civil War Rations
12 oz. pork or bacon or 1lb. fresh or salt beef
1 lb. 6 oz. soft bread or flour or 1 lb hardtack or 1 lb. 4 oz. cornmeal
For every 100 men:
15 lb. beans or peas
10 lb. rice or hominy
10 lb. green coffee or 8 lb. roasted coffee
1 lb. 8oz tea
15 lb. sugar
4 quarts vinegar
1 quart molasses

14. IV. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln ready to announce emancipation
by summer of 1862
Confederacy needed slave labor for war
1. Many slaves might leave
Confederacy
Rally Support for war in the North
1. Many starting to question war
2. Give North a moral reason for war

15. IV. Emancipation Proclamation
Issued Emancipation Proclamation September 22, 1862
1. South must rejoin Union by Jan. 1, 1863
2. If not, slaves in states still in rebellion would be
free
3. Did not apply to border states
Public opinion in Europe swung strongly to the Union
1. No chance now that Britain or France would help
Confederacy

16. V. African Americans in the Union Army
When war began, many blacks wanted to serve in army
1. Government would not let them
2. Lincoln feared reaction of border states
Abolitionists urged Union to use black soldiers
1. “fighting with one hand behind our back”
2. Some argued blacks had most to fight for

17. C. African Americans in Union Army
Lincoln changed his mind after Emancipation
proclamation
185,000 blacks served in Union army
a. 100,000 of them former slaves
b. 40,000 died
29,000 blacks served in Navy
20 blacks received Congressional Medal of Honor

18. C. African Americans in Union Army
Faced discrimination
a. Most people thought blacks incapable
b. Segregated units commanded by whites
c. Paid less than whites at first
d. Not trusted on front lines
Congress equalized pay for blacks in 1864
a. Back pay also
75 officers
Confederacy passed law that said black Union soldiers and white commanders killed if caught

19. D. Regiments of Distinction
54th Massachusetts
a. Best known black regiment
b. Free African-Americans
c. Frederick Douglass’ two sons
d. Colonel Robert Shaw Commanded
e. Attacked Fort Wagner, SC
f. Over half killed

20. William H. Carney Born into slavery
Joined 54th Massachusetts. On July 18,
1863, Sergeant William H. Carney
retrieved the colors when the color
bearer was killed. He took the colors
and despite being wounded three
times in the hip, chest and head he took
them back to the Union lines. For this
he was the first black man awarded the
Congressional Medal of Honor

21. D. Regiments of Distinction
First South Carolina Volunteers
a. Escaped slaves
b. Helped win South Carolina for
Union

22. VI. Women During the War At Home 1. Did work after men left for war
a. Operating farms and plantations
b. Making uniforms and weapons
c. Worked in government offices
d. Ran businesses

23. VI. Women During the War On the Battlefield 1. Nurses a. Dorthea Dix
b. Clara Barton
c. Sojourner Truth
2. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell trained nurses
3. Some worked as spies
a. Belle Boyd
b. Pauline Cushman pretended to be
actress
c. Elizabeth Bowser and Harriet Tubman

24. VII. Hispanics in the Civil War
Approximately 10,000 Hispanics fought in war
Fought in all Hispanic regiments and side by side whites
1. All Californio Union regiment led by
Salvador Vallejo

25. VII. Hispanics in the Civil War
David Farragut
1. Union ship commander
2. Captured New Orleans
in 1862
3. First four-star Admiral
in nation

26. VII. Hispanics in the Civil War
Manuel Chavez led 490 New Mexicans on
attack of Confederate spy train
E. Federico Cavada did airborne reconnaissance

27. USA Balloon Corp Balloons were used for surveillance and
reconnaissance during the Civil War for
both sides, the Union side invested
heavily in their development.
The initiative for creating the US Army
Balloon Corps, under the Bureau of
Topographical Engineers, came from
one Thaddeus Lowe who championed
their development in 1861 to President
Lincoln who committed to the project
because he recognized the strategic
advantage they gave his armies.
In 1863 the Balloon Corps was
disbanded.