1. NEED What are GHG’s IPCC UCS CO2 graph - paleo Temp graph - paleo Pfaff plan.
We suggest that you aim for a different balance. How about establishing your case in 40% of your time. Then you can devote 60% to discussion solutions, how to implement them, barriers to implementation, and what these students in this room can do to help overcome those barriers. The suggestions for students can range from career choices, to recommended classes, to summer internships, to life style changes, to spreading the word, to writing letters to decision makers, etc.

2. OUTLINE
To show the direct relationship between engine emissions and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere---- and global warming.
To relate the science to the society
To provide courses of action.

3. The Planet
The Engine

4. REGULAR BREATHING Happy Planet ! CO2 Level Season winter winter summer

5. The real planet we live on
375
CO2, ppm
(parts per
million)
315
1958
2004
Year

6. Where does the CO2 come from
Where does the CO2 come from? GASOLINE OR COAL OR NATURAL GAS ALWAYS PRODUCES CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER WHEN BURNED IN AIR Other products too, in very small amounts.

7. Burning hydrocarbon fuels MUST produce CO2 and water

8. In different units: 1 gallon of gas produces 18 lbs (8kg) of carbon dioxide RULE OF THUMB: 1 MILE ~ 1/2 POUND OF CO2. CO2 stays in the atmosphere for about 100 years, so it adds up.

9. Let’s calculate: 1 gallon of gas produces 8 kg of carbon dioxide
IF 800 MILLION VEHICLES IN THE WORLD BURN 2 GALLONS EACH PER DAY
How many kg of CO2 are produced per year?

10. Let’s calculate: 1 gallon of gas produces 8 kg of carbon dioxide
IF 800 MILLION VEHICLES IN THE WORLD BURN 2 GALLONS EACH PER DAY
Total kg of CO2
= 800 x 106 x 2 x 8 x 365
= x 106 ≈ 5 x 1012 kg

11. 1 gallon of gas produces 8 kg of carbon dioxide
Let’s calculate:
1 gallon of gas produces 8 kg of carbon dioxide
So 5 x 1012 kg (5 billion tons) of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year, just from cars and trucks.
IS THAT A BIG NUMBER?

12. Our Atmosphere is very Thin

13. The Atmosphere Q. How many parts per million is 0.038%?
The atmosphere of the earth is mainly Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%) by volume.
Carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) is only around 0.038%
Q. How many parts per million is 0.038%?

14. The Atmosphere Q. How many parts per million is 0.038%?
The atmosphere of the earth is mainly Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%) by volume.
Carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) is only around 0.038%
Q. How many parts per million is 0.038%?
A x10-2 = 380 x 10-6 = 380 ppm

15. The Atmosphere Q. How many parts per million is 0.038%?
Carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) is only around 0.038%
375
CO2, ppm
315
1958
2004
Year
Q. How many parts per million is 0.038%?
A x10-2 = 380 x 10-6 = 380 ppm

16. Mass of the Atmosphere is 5.2 thousand trillion tons
So pA = matm g
So matm = pA/g = p (4πR2)/g = 5.2 x1018 kg

17. Let’s calculate: 1 gallon of gas produces 8 kg of carbon dioxide
Vehicles add 5 x 1012 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere each year.
IS THAT A BIG NUMBER?
Mass of atmosphere = 5.2 x1018 kg

18. i.e. One part of CO2 per million parts of atmospheric mass per year.
(in volume units it is nearly 0.7 ppmv/yr)
This is for vehicles only (add power plants etc. and it comes to around 2 ppmv/yr)

19. CO2
YEAR

20. CO2 and Temperature

21. temperature
Carbon dioxide
Easy to understand
Much harder to understand

22. The State of Our Global Temperature
The 10 warmest years have all occurred since 1994

23. Greenhouse Gases

24. The State of Our Atmosphere
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Year
750
1750
260
360
250
310
CH4
(ppb)
CO2
(ppm)
N2O
2000
Data from IPCC

26. CO2 and Temperature

27. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX VS. ENERGY USE
From A Pasternack LLNL Rep. No. UCLR-ID (Oct. 2000)

28. INDIA CO2 EMISSIONS
Carbon dioxide Information center CDIAC.ORNL.GOV

29. INDIA CO2/capita

30. US CO2/capita
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

31. US CO2 emissions
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

32. Carbon emissions are related to:
Population (N)
amount of carbon to make a unit of energy (C/E)
energy usage per unit of GDP (E/GDP)
GDP/capita (GDP/N)

33. Kaya Identity N = population GDP = Gross Domestic Product
E = energy usage
C=carbon into the atmosphere

34. C = N x GDP/N x E/GDP x C/E Kaya Identity: Hoffert et al
“Nature” V.395
29 Oct. 1998
E/GDP x
C/E

35. CO2 and global warming are due to: Population increase (demography, geography,economics,sociology,psychology,history….) Increase in standard of living (development,sociology,economics,business,engineering,government………… ) The amount of carbon we use to produce the energy(engineering, chemistry,physics,materials science…….) The energy usage per unit of GDP(business, economics,engineering,operations research……..)

36. MORE INFO: Google 1. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
2. UCS (Union of Concerned Scientists)
3. Tom Pfaff’s Sustainability Calculus Page
4. State of the Planet course,
Cornell
5. Institute for the Environment,
Berkeley

37. ACTION 1.Internalization 2.Education/Research 3.Outreach
4.Involvement with policy
5. Examine Tradition

38. IPCC
2007