1. Computer and Internet Basics
Unit A

2. Objectives Define Computers Explore Computer Functions
Categorize Computers
Examine Personal Computer Systems
Explore Data, Information, and Files

3. Objectives Introduce Application and System Software
Define Internet Basics
Connect to the Internet
Understand World Wide Web Basics
Use Browsers
Understand Basics

4. A Computer is a device that
accepts input
processes data
stores data
produces output
(all according to a series of stored instructions)

5. Computer system consists of:
Hardware: microprocessor
Peripheral devices: input and output
Software: programs

8. Two or more computers that are connected and share data and programs
Computer Network
Two or more computers that are connected and share data and programs
LAN is a local area network

10. Computer Functions
Words, symbols, numbers, sound, pictures, program instructions
Input
Program calculates, sorts modifies data
Uses microprocessor or CPU
Process
Results of processing
Reports, graphs, documents, pictures
Printer or monitor
Output
Memory is temporary holding area (RAM)
Storage is permanent (disk)
Store

11. Categorizing Computers
Cost
Usage
Size
Capability

12. Computers to Fit Every Need
Five basic categories
Mobile devices
Personal computers
Midrange servers
Mainframe computers
Supercomputers

13. Mobile Devices Very small computing devices.
Usually based on a wireless phone or pager.
Many can be used to access and Web pages.

14. Less Powerful Computers
PC/microcomputer
Workstations
Handheld computer/PDA
CD: video on PDA
Videogame console
Sony PlayStation®

15. More Powerful Computers
Server
Supplies network computers with data
Mainframe
Large, expensive, powerful, many users
Reliability, data security, central control important
Supercomputer
Fastest and most powerful
Info web: supercomputer

16. Personal Computers, Cont’d.
Desktop computers—small enough to fit on or next to a desk. Can use:
Desktop case
Tower case
All-in-one case

17. Personal Computers, Cont’d.
Portable PCs—designed to be carried around.
Notebook computers
Tablet PCs (either slate or convertible)
Handheld computers (pocket computers)

19. Personal Computers, Cont’d.
PCs designed for just network use are referred to as network computers (NCs) or thin clients.
Devices designed just for Internet access are called Internet appliances.

20. Midrange Servers
Medium-sized computers, also called minicomputers or midrange computers.
Fall between microcomputers and mainframes in processing power.

21. Mainframe Computers Standard choice for most large organizations.
Specialize in high-volume processing of business transactions.
Also called high-end servers or enterprise- class servers.

22. Supercomputers
Used for applications that have extraordinary demands for processing power.
Offer very fast speeds and extreme degrees of accuracy.
Commonly created today by connecting hundreds of smaller computers to form a supercomputing cluster.

23. Computer System Peripherals Computer +
input devices + output devices + storage devices

24. System Unit
Power Supply
Storage Devices
Circuit Boards

25. Input/Output Devices Monitor Keyboard Mouse Modem Printer
Speakers/sound card

26. Storage Devices Floppy disk drive Hard disk drive CD-ROM drive
DVD drive
CD writer
DVD writer

27. Data vs. Information Data (symbols) used by computers
Information (meaningful) used by people

28. Software
The programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do.
System software allows a computer to operate and run application software.
Application software performs specific tasks or applications.

30. Data and Information Data = raw, unorganized facts.
Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video.
Information = data that has been processed into a useful form.

31. Computer Users and Professionals
Computer users, or end users, are the people who use a computer to obtain information.
Programmers are computer professionals whose job it is to write the programs that computers use.

32. Data Binary number system to define electronic data 0 or 1 Bit
Byte (8 bits)

33. Files Collection of data on a storage medium Data file (passive)
Executable file (active)
Filename and extension
Image.jpg
Word.exe
Resume.doc

34. System Software
Helps the computer monitor itself in order to function efficiently
Operating system
Master controller of all computer activities
Popular operating systems
PCs: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS
Handhelds: Windows CE and Palm OS
Servers: Linus and UNIX
CD video: windows interface

35. Platform Mac and PC compatibility is an issue
Microprocessor + Operating system
Mac and PC compatibility is an issue
Apple computer = Mac platform
Original IBM computer = Windows or PC platform
Info web: Apple computers

36. Designed to carry out a particular task
Application Software
Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft Excel
Designed to carry out a particular task

37. Internet Basics
Internet is a collection of local, regional, national and international computer networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks.
Infoweb: cyberspace
Infoweb: internet resources

38. Internet Terminology Backbone: defines main Internet routes TCP/IP:
Constructed and maintained by major telecommunications companies
TCP/IP:
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

39. Internet Terminology Server software
IP Address: unique number for each Internet computer
Packets: small chunks of data ready to travel the Internet
Router: helps send along the packets to correct destination
CD screentour: web sites provides files

40. Internet Resources Internet Telephony Usenet E-commerce
Instant Messaging
Web Sites
Internet Radio
Download Or Upload
Chat Groups
P2P file sharing

41. Modem Internet Connections
Dial-up connection via modem (56K)
Cable modems
Network card and cable modem required
Always-on and 25 times faster than dial-up
Infoweb: national ISPs
Lab: making a dialup connection
CD video: computer modems

42. Faster Internet Connections
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
64K or 128K
Always-on and expensive
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
Up to 125 times faster than dialup
DSS (Digital Satellite Service)
500K
Need proximity to a telephone switching station

43. Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Provides internet access to businesses, organizations and individuals
Provides telecommunications equipment
User ID and password required
Connects you to backbone
account monthly fee
Should have local access telephone numbers

44. World Wide Web Basics Files interconnected via hypertext
Web pages make up a web site
Home Page
Links or hyperlinks
Web servers
Infoweb: hypertext

45. World Wide Web Basics URL HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
No spaces and Case sensitive
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
.htm or .html file extension
Document name
and filename
extension
Folder
name
Web
server
protocol
standard

46. Search Engines
CD screentour: search engines
Keywords

47. Using Browsers Can type URLs
HTML tags tell browser how to display web page data
Back, forward and stop buttons
Setting a home page
Print and copy options
History list
Favorites and bookmarks
Edit and Find
Infoweb: browser
Lab: browsing and searching
Microsoft Internet Explorer® and Netscape Navigator®

48. E-mail Basics Account = Mailbox Message Attachment
Most use HTML format
Netiquette
Infoweb: netiquette
Infoweb: client software
Lab: using

49. E-mail System E-mail servers Store-and-forward technology Types
POP (Post Office Protocol) used via ISP
IMAP (Internet Messaging Access Protocol)
Web-based like Hotmail
Infoweb: web-based

50. System

51. Computer and Internet Basics
End