1. The Body’s Physical Systems
Health Psych
Dr. Alan H. Teich

2. The Neuron Neurons Soma Dendrites Axon Myelin
multiple sclerosis: degeneration of myelin sheath
Synapse
Neurotransmitters & Receptors
Terminal buttons (synaptic knobs)

3. Neural Communication

4. Neural Communication Neurotransmitter Receiving cell molecule membrane
Receptor site on
receiving neuron
Agonist mimics
neurotransmitter
Antagonist
blocks
Serotonin: sleep and mood
Dopamine: mood and movement
Epinephrine: arousal
Acetylcholine: movement
in the PNS -> a neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers muscle contractions
Agonists:
mimic the trans
facilitate the trans (prevent reuptake, increase amount released, etc.)
Antagonists
block receptor
block actions of trans

6. CNS: Forebrain Diencephalon Telencephalon Corpus callosum
Thalamus & Hypothalamus
Telencephalon
Limbic System
Cerebrum

7. The Limbic System Limbic System
a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres
associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex
includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.
Amygdala [ah-MIG-dah-la]
two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion

8. Pons and medulla
Mention cerebellum
Brain stem

9. The Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex
the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres
the body’s ultimate control and information processing center
Glial Cells
cells in the nervous system that are not neurons but that support, nourish, and protect neurons
Frontal Lobes
involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
Parietal Lobes
include the sensory cortex
Occipital Lobes
include the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field
Temporal Lobes
include the auditory areas
Motor Cortex
area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
Sensory Cortex
area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensation

10. The Nervous System Central (brain and spinal cord) Nervous system
Autonomic (controls
self-regulated action of
internal organs and glands)
Skeletal (controls
voluntary movements of
skeletal muscles)
Sympathetic
(arousing)
Parasympathetic
(calming)
Peripheral
Nervous System
the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system
consists of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
Central Nervous System (CNS)
the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body
Somatic Nervous System
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System
the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart)
Sympathetic Nervous System
division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Parasympathetic Nervous System
division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

11. Sympathetic Nervous system

12. Parasympathetic Nervous System

13. The Endocrine System Endocrine System
the body’s “slow” chemical communication system
a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Hormones
chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another
Adrenal [ah-DREEN-el] Glands
a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys
secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress
Pituitary Gland
under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

14. The Digestive System Enzymes Stomach Hydrochloric Acid & Pepsin
Duodenum

15. The Digestive System Disorders
Peptic Ulcers
sores usually in the duodenum
Hepatitis
Viral inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis
Cancer

16. Metabolism Basal Metabolic Rate Exercise Metabolic Rate
Dietary Thermogenesis

17. The Cardiovascular System
Heart
Myocardium
Atria and Ventricles
Blood Flow

19. Blood Pressure Systole & Diastole Fluid Dynamics
Systolic: max force from  contraction
Diastolic: pressure between  contractions
Fluid Dynamics
Cardiac output
Blood volume
Peripheral resistance
Elasticity of vessels
Viscosity of blood

20. Blood Pressure Other factors that affect BP Hypertension Emotions: SNS
Environmental Temperature
Activity levels
Hypertension
>140 mmHg systolic, >90 mmHg diastolic
Risk factors
family Hx
body weight
age
gender
race

21. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
Myocardial Infarction
Angina Pectoris
Stroke

22. Immune System Organs

23. Immune System Organs of the immune system
lymphocytes: white blood cells
from lymphatic or lymphoid organs:
bone marrow
thymus
lymph nodes
spleen
originate in bone marrow, migrate to thymus, mature into leukocytes
lymph nodes capture antigens and hold lymphocytes
lymph vessels ultimately empty into blood supply
can spread cancer cells
spleen filters blood

24. Soldiers of the Immune System
White blood cells
phagocytes: nonspecific immunity
macrophages and monocytes
lymphocytes: respond to specific antigens
T-cells: cell-mediated immunity
Killer T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
Suppressor T cells
Delayed hypersensitivity T cells

25. Soldiers of the Immune System
B-cells: antibody-mediated immunity
B-cells produce plasma cells which produce antibodies (immunoglobulins - Ig)
Ig’s attach to antigen and identify it for destruction
Memory B-cells

26. Helper T Cells

27. The Immune Response First lines of defense
skin
mucous membranes of respiratory and digestive tracts
Next: non-specific and specific immune processes
phagocytes, B-cells, helper T-cells destroy antigen
Finally: killer T-cells destroy invaded cells

28. Immune System and the Brain

29. Auto-immune Diseases Rheumatoid arthritis: joints
Rheumatic fever: heart muscle
Multiple Sclerosis: myelin
Lupus erythematosus: skin and kidneys

30. Genetics Chromosomes contain genes Polygenetic inheritance DNA
dominant and recessive genes
phenotype and genotype
mutations
Polygenetic inheritance
likely the case for many behavioral traits