1. KEY CONCEPT The central nervous system interprets information, and the peripheral nervous system gathers and transmits information.

2. The nervous system’s two parts work together.
The Central Nervous System (CNS) includes the brain, and spinal cord. Processes information.
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes four systems of nerves and links the CNS to muscles and organs.

3. The brain has three parts.
The CNS:
The brain has three parts.
1. cerebrum controls thought, movement, emotion
2. cerebellum allows for balance so body can move smoothly
3. brain stem controls basic life functions (breathing, heart beat)
Brain stem
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

4. The brain stem has three parts. midbrain controls some reflexes
pons regulates breathing
medulla oblongata connects the brain and spinal cord and controls heart function, swallowing, coughing, vomiting
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

5. Lobes of the Brain
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

6. Frontal Lobe
The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located deep in the Frontal Bone of the skull.
It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:
Memory formation
Emotions
Decision making/Reasoning
Personality
Last part of the brain to fully
develop.

7. Parietal Lobe
The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull.
Two major divisions
Anterior and posterior
Senses hot and cold, hard and soft, and pain.
Taste and smell
Helps integrate the senses

8. Occipital Lobe
The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull.
Its primary function is the processing, integration and interpretation of VISION and visual stimuli.

9. Temporal Lobe
The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain, deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull.
They play an integral role in the following functions:
Hearing
Organization/Comprehension of language
Information Retrieval
(Memory)

10. Brain Hemispheres
The brain's right hemisphere controls the muscles on the left side of the body, while the left hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of the human body.
When you wink your right eye, that's the left side of your brain at work. Because of this crisscross wiring, damage to one side of the brain affects the opposite side of the body.

11. Left Hemisphere processes things more in parts and sequentially
recognizes positive emotions
Identified with practicality and rationality
Understands symbols and representations
Processes rapid auditory information faster than the right (crucial for separating the sounds of speech into distinct units for comprehension)
is responsible for language development. It develops slower in boys, that is why males usually develop more language problems than females.

12. Right Hemisphere Recognizes negative emotions
High level mathematicians, problem solvers, and chess players use
The “non-verbal” side
Responds to touch and music (sensory)
Intuitive
Responsive to color and shape
Emotional and originative

13. Taking Sides!
What information each side recognizes:
Left Brain
Letters
Numbers
Words
Right Brain
Faces
Places
Objects

14. The Peripheral Nervous System: Collection of nerves that links the CNS to muscles and other organs (Sensory neurons/motor neurons)
The somatic nervous system regulates voluntary movements
Ex: Walking
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions
Ex: Digestion
parasympathetic nervous system: calms the body, conserves energy
sympathetic nervous system: action and stress (Fight or Flight)
*Maintain homeostasis

15. Reflex arc- A simple pathway, including only a few neurons, that carry out the simplest responses…reflexes.
Reflexes – automatic, subconscious responses to external or internal stimuli
Maintain homeostasis by controlling: heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, digestion, swallowing, sneezing, coughing, and vomiting

16. The spinal cord controls reflexes.
sensory neuron sends impulse to spinal cord
spinal cord directs impulse to motor neuron
does not involve the brain!!!!
interneuron
motor neurons
sensory neuron