1. Urbanization
Urbanization is an increase of people living in urban areas rather than in rural areas.
1 Reason more and better paying jobs
As urban populations have grown, many small towns have grown to form large urban areas called metropolitan areas.
An example would be Washington D.C.-Baltimore.

4. Urbanization
Slow growth - roads and public transportation can be built to handle the Urbanization.

5. The Urban Crisis Rapid growth overwhelming

6. Urban sprawl
Urban sprawl is the rapid spread of a city into adjoining suburbs and rural areas.

7. Urban Sprawl

8. Heat island
Heat island is an area in which the air temperature is generally higher than the temperature of surrounding rural areas.

12. Development on Marginal Lands
Many cities were first built where there was little room for expansion.
As the cities grew, suburbs were often built on marginal land, or land that is poorly suited for building.

14. Land-use planning
Land-use planning is a set of policies and activities related to potential uses of land that is put in place before an area is developed.
Government requires detailed reports assessing the environmental impact
Developers, city governments, local businesses, and citizens often disagree about land-use plans.

15. Urban Planning
Land-Use Planning: determining in advance how land will be used
Developers, city governments, local businesses, homeowners, citizens
Detailed reports/environmental impacts
Geographic Information System (GIS)

16. Urban Planning Biggest urban annoyance? Mass transit systems:
 traffic!
Mass transit systems:
 save energy, reduce congestion, reduce pollution, limit land loss to roads/parking lots
Open Space:
 set aside for scenic/recreation; natural state
 Benefits?

17. Spain, Czech Republic, Germany, France, Ireland

18. Design A Land-Use Model
Plan the development of 400 acres of land for a growing city; four team members
Planner: creating a plan that encourages growth, attracts businesses & new clients
Developer: bought land from city, interested in right to build housing & shopping center
Conservationist: preserving open space & natural areas
Law Enforcer: ensures all laws & regulations are met
Pg. 374 – old book
Pg. ??? – new book