1. Spatial Models of Urban Land Use (Ch. 13)
Sketch the layout of land uses of Portland, Oregon
DISCUSSION:
* Which one of these models best reflects the land use patterns where you live? *

4. Previous groups move outward to higher-income areas as they assimilate
Concentric Ring Model
1920s (Burgess) – land-use pattern follows concentric rings around city center (CBD)
DISCUSSION:
* What evidence do you see for the concept of invasion-and-succession in your city?
* Are there homes that were once the best available that are now lived in by individuals of lesser economic status?
Newest settlers in city use older housing near city center (migrants to industrial jobs)
Previous groups move outward to higher-income areas as they assimilate *

5. Concentric Zone Model

6. Sector Model
1939 (Hoyt) - Land uses in pie-shaped wedges radiating from CBD
High-income areas along fashionable boulevards, waterfronts, or high ground
Industry along river or rails
Low-income near industry
Middle-income between low and high sectors
DISCUSSION:
* How would you design the Sector Model to reflect your town or city's layout? *

7. Hoyt Sector Model

8. Multiple-Nuclei Model
Post WW2 - Early days of suburbanization
Downtown CBD not only core of business land use
Other nuclei develop - special retail districts, office parks, light manufacturing in city
Metro areas develop “suburban downtowns” (called “edge cities”)
DISCUSSION:
* What areas are there other than the CBD which have a heavy concentration of non-residential land uses in this model?
* Where are they located?
* How does the Urban Realms concept differ from the original Multiple Nuclei Model? *

9. Multiple Nuclei Model

10. Transportation and urban growth
DISCUSSION:
* Do you recognize aspects of the layout of your town or city that are remnants of past transportation eras? *

11. Located along freeways or beltways
“Edge cities” - suburban nodes: high-rise offices, shopping, entertainment, hotels - designed for auto travel -
Located along freeways or beltways
DISCUSSION:
* What are the elements required for a suburban area to be categorized as an "edge city"?
Philadelphia's Edge Cities *

12. Galactic City or Edge City Model

13. Urban sprawl – contemporary problem
Low-density “leapfrog” developments beyond urban edge
Lack of coordinated planning between jurisdictions
Consequence of car-dependent urban growth
DISCUSSION:
* Would you prefer to live in the city center or in one of these houses facing the open prairie? Why? *

14. Contemporary urban trends
Infill development (opposite of sprawl)
DISCUSSION:
* What are the advantages of "new urbanism"?
* What are the drawbacks to "new urbanism"? *

15. Contemporary urban trends
“New Urbanism”
DISCUSSION:
* What are the advantages of "new urbanism"?
* What are the drawbacks to "new urbanism"?
Prospect Town, Longmont *

16. Gentrification and Downtown Revitalization
Contemporary urban trends
Gentrification and Downtown Revitalization

17. Applicability of classic land use models
Rings, sectors, and multiple nuclei are still seen, but overall pattern is complex
Family status tends to be distributed concentrically
Socioeconomic status tends to be radial
Ethnic status tends to be clustered
DISCUSSION:
* If you were to design a model applicable to most of today's major cities in the U.S. and Canada, how would you design it? *

18. Essential tools in urban & regional planning
Geography and GIS
Essential tools in urban & regional planning

19. Source: October 2006: http://centerwest.org/futures/frtrng/

20. Source: October 2006: http://centerwest.org/futures/frtrng/

21. Source: October 2006: http://centerwest.org/futures/frtrng/