1. The increased scale and pace of migration
By the end of this lesson you will have:
Re-capped the global shift to Asia
Learnt that the growth of megacities has led to increased economic migration
Understood that migration to a global hub is twofold (elite migrants and low skilled migrants)

2. Globalisation – Enquiry Question 2
What are the impacts of globalisation for countries, different groups of people and cultures and the physical environment?
3.5 The scale and pace of economic migration has
increased as the world has become more interconnected,
Creating consequences for
people and the physical environment.
A. Rural-urban migration (push and pull factors), and/or natural increase, is responsible for the growth of megacities (Mumbai, Karachi); rapid urban growth creates social and environmental challenges.
B. International migration has increased in global hub cities and regions, deepening interdependence between regions (elite migration – Russian oligarchs to London and mass low-wage economic migration (India to UAE, the Philippines to Saudi Arabia).
C. Migration has economic, social, political and environmental costs and benefits for both hosts and source locations.

3. Starter Re-Cap 1. Define global shift
2. Give a social externality of the global shift of manufacturing work to Asia for both the developed AND the developing country
3. Give an environmental impact of the global shift on the developing country

4. The increasing scale of Migration
The increasing scale of internal and international migrants has accelerated with the pace of globalisation
Rural – urban migration and megacity growth – by 2050 ¾ of us will be city dwellers
Megacities are homes to 10million people or more
Examples of megacities are:
Mexico city / Mumbai / Rio De Janeiro

5. Megacity growth
A mega city is a city with a population of over 10million
Examples are Mumbai and Karachi
People move to megacities through rural-urban migration (rural push and urban pull)
People move largely for economic reasons
Centripetal migration leads most people moving towards a central point i.e. the slums of Mumbai or the plains of Sao Paulo

6. Migration Theory
Push factors – poor weather, high house prices that generate income to pay for the move, perceptions of rising crime.
Intervening obstacles – not speaking Spanish, red tape of obtaining visas and other legal requirements, family pressure to stay, distance.
Go over Lee’s model (check what pupils remember of this from GCSE population)
Pull factors – better weather, lower house prices and living costs, more relaxed life style, many Brits already live there, Spain part of EU.

7. Review and discuss gaps in knowledge/questions pupils may still have.

8. Different types of migrant
Are the following an internal migrant / economic migrant / refugee?
Borg Strom has left Sweden to look for work in Berlin.
Farzad Tehrani has fled Iran with his family as he fears torture by police because of his political views.
Betty Smith moves to the Costa del Sol from Hull for the weather.
Sheila Roo leaves Sydney as she is granted a work permit in Ireland.
A Ghanaian man pays for midnight transport across the Mediterranean to Italy, where he hopes to find work.
Gwyn ap Llewellyn from Llandwybelfri moves to Amsterdam to run a bicycle shop.
Andrzej Kowalczyk travels from Latvia on the ferry to Newcastle where he hopes to find work in the shipyards.

9. Causes of Rural-Urban Migration
In pairs, using your knowledge from the table 13.4 on page 185 and the Mumbai and Karachi case study on page 187 and answer the following exam style question:
Explain why globalisation results in megacity growth in some parts of the world (4)

10. Exam Practise
Explain why globalisation results in megacity growth in some parts of the world (4)
Globalisation is the increased networking of countries and areas within a country. One way in which megacities can grow is through shrinking world technologies where rural dwellers are gaining general knowledge of the outside world and its opportunities. For example, people moving to Mumbai (home to 22million residents) may hear about job opportunities on their radio. Furthermore, urban pull factors such as ‘hotspots’ can lead to megacity growth. In Shanghai as high rise flats are constructed with bars, nightclubs and restaurants, people decide to live in the city to benefit from such commodities. Additionally, rural pushes such as agricultural modernisation which pushes people out of jobs can lead them to centripetal migration (such as movement to municipal dumps such as the floodplains of Sao Paulo).

11. Social and Environmental Challenges of megacity growth
The consequences of the growth of megacities is largely sustainability.
Environmental sustainability eg water pollution and smog and pressure on town planning
Social Sustainability eg lack of adequate housing and social unrest. In North African countries unemployment exceeds 25%
Can urban population boom be sustainable in the future? Money, resources and planning is required.

12. Global Hubs
Read page 189 on global hubs.

13. Gimme’ 5 1. Define a global hub
2. Give two examples of global hubs and their global influence
3. How is a global hub different to a megacity?
4. What 2 human resources can make a hub global?
5. What 2 physical resources can make a hub global?

14. International Migration to global hubs
In pairs, you will get given a case study either on
Elite international migrants
Low-waged international migrants
Internal migrants
Make notes on your case study to feedback to the class - use your blank world map to plot the routes of your migrants and their global hubs

15. Interdependency through migration
Over time international migrants make places interdependent
The countries will firstly become economically dependent (as learnt in previous lessons)
From this, social dependency follows largely through migration
Remittances become relied upon
Explore with pupils this graphic organiser. Pupils are then to read page 190 Key concept and create a summary paragraph of what this key concept means.

16. Costs and Benefits to Source and Host Region
Country
Economic
Social
Political
Environmental
Host Benefits
Host Costs
Source Benefits
Source Costs
TASK: Complete this table in small group – use the textbook to help you and remember to add examples

17. Plenary Complete the question sheet for 3.5 in your workbooks
Extension: Use the question cards at the back f your workbooks to test the person next to you

18. The increased scale and pace of migration
By the end of this lesson you will have:
Re-capped the global shift to Asia
Learnt that the growth of megacities has led to increased economic migration
Understood that migration to a global hub is twofold (elite migrants and low skilled migrants)