1. Unit B - Chemistry
Week 1

2. Organizing Matter

3. I Can… Describe materials in terms of physical and chemical properties
Distinguish between pure substances, solutions and mechanical mixtures

4. What do you remember?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
What are the states of matter?
What are the phases between the states of matter?
Write in what you remember in your notes.

5. States of Matter Matter exists as a solid, liquid or gas.
The state of the matter depends on the temperature
Explain this using water…

7. Pure Substances Is made up of only one kind of matter
There are two types of pure substances
1) Element- cannot be broken down into any simpler substance. Found on the Period Table
2) Compound- more than one element combined chemically together

8. Types of Mixtures A mixture is a combination of pure substances
There are four types of mixtures
1) Mechanical mixture- the different substances that make up the mixture are visible. (heterogeneous) Example?
2) Solution- the different substances that make it up are not separately visible. (homogeneous) Example?
3) Suspension- a cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another. Example?
4) Colloid- a cloudy mixture, but the particles are so small that they cannot be easily separated out from other substances. Example?

9. Other Types of Matter
SUSPENSION: cloudy mixture in which droplets of one substance are held within another substance-parts will settle out over time (muddy water, ketchup, mustard, salad dressings.
COLLOID: cloudy mixture in which particles are so small it takes a very long time for separation ( milk, paint, aerosol spray, fog)

11. Properties
To understand how substances differ, you need to observe their properties
Properties are characteristics that can be used to describe a substance
All matter has two types of properties: physical and chemical

12. Physical Properties of Matter
Physical properties are properties that describe the physical nature of a substance
Examples:
Colour
Luster (shininess)
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Hardness- Mohs’ hardness scale
Malleability- ability of a substance to be made into a sheet

13. Ductility- ability of a substance to be made into a wire
Crystal Shape- can be cubes, diamonds, etc.
Density- amount of mass in a volume (g/mL)
Conductivity- can it conduct electricity
Solubility- ability of a substance to be dissolved in another

14. Chemical Properties
Chemical properties describe how a substance interacts with other substances
Example?

15. Chemical Properties of Matter
Reaction with acids
Ability to burn
Reaction with water
Behaviour in air
Reaction to heat

16. Physical Changes
A physical change occurs when a substance changes but its chemical make-up does not change
Examples?

17. Chemical Changes
A chemical change is when the chemical make up changes or when a new substance is formed
Examples?

18. Take a Break!
Complete the table in your notes.

21. Aqueous Solution A substance that is dissolved in water
It is represented like this
CH3COOH(aq)

22. Evolving Theories of Matter

23. I Can… Identify theories of the periodic table and the atom
Understand the origins and patterns of organization of the periodic table

24. Textbook Scavenger Hunt!
Answer the Questions using your textbook
You are assigned 1 question to answer in 5 minutes. You will have to share your answers with a group of people.

25. Ted Ed Video Answer the Questions!
It is said that some chemists were able to predict the existence of some elements that were not yet discovered. How did they do this?
Who is known as the father of chemistry?
What was the first element to be "discovered"?
Which element reacts violently with water?

26. Bohr Model
Complete the Bohr Model Puzzle! nd_chemical_change/ChemistryPuzzle/index.html
Complete the Bohr Model Worksheet, Hand in!
atoms-ions-and-molecules

27. Organizing the Elements - Origins and Organizing the Periodic Table

28. I Can…
Understand the origins and patterns of organization of the periodic table
Understand how rows (periods) in the periodic table reflect different atomic structures and columns (families/ groups) reflect similar atomic structures
Use the periodic table to find out the number of protons and electrons, and other information about elements

29. Ted Ed Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPnwBITSmgU
Who is credited with creating the periodic table?
What did he do that set him apart?
How do you think Mendeleev was able to so accurately estimate the properties of undiscovered elements?
In 1963, what did scientists officially name the element at 101 on the periodic table?
How many scientists have an element named after them?
Lots of scientists had worked on the periodic table other than Mendeleev. What do you think would have changed had they all worked closely together to figure out the best way to arrange the periodic table? Do you think collaboration is always the best answer?

30. Organizing the Table
One of the first attempts by scientists to create a better system for organizing the elements was made by John Dalton
He used a set of symbols for the elements

31. A better way…
Jons Jacob Berzelius suggested using letters rather than pictures to represent each element.
The Atomic Symbol
Each element is named by 1 or 2 letters
The first letter is always capitalized and the second letter is always small
Example: H- Hydrogen
Example: He- Helium

32. Putting the Elements in Order
Atomic Mass is the mass of one atom of an element.
Scientists were able to determine the average mass of an atom
John Newlands recognized a pattern when elements were listed by increasing atomic mass.
Atomic mass is compared to the mass of a carbon which is 12.0

33. How The Modern Day Table is Organized

34. On the Periodic Table
Staircase line-division between metals and non-metals
Metals- on the left side of the staircase line
They are shiny, malleable and ductile
Non-metals- on the right side of the staircase line, can be solid, liquid or gas
The solids are dull and brittle and don’t conduct
Metalloids- elements on the staircase line
Have both metallic and non-metallic properties

35. Groups/ Families- groupings in the periodic table going down
They have similar reactivity
Rows/ Periods- groupings in the periodic table going across
They have similar mass

36. Groups/ Families
Family 1: Alkali Metals- very reactive, even with water, all solids
Family 2: Alkaline Earth Metals- reactive, all solids
Family 17: Halogens- reactive non-metals, most are gases
Family 18-: Noble Gases- non reactive gases
Family 3-12: Transition Metals- have numerous different properties

37. Rows/ Periods 6- Lanthanide series- starts at element 57
7- Actinide series- starts at element 90

38. Sodium Demo
Be ready to go outside.

39. Take a Break!
Colour the Periodic Table found in your notes based on the properties of those elements.
shows the properties and if you’re curious about an element, you can
Take your time, and don’t forget to make a legend for your coloured sections so you can use it to study!

40. Reactivity
Non-metals- gets more reactive as we move to the right and get higher (excluding the noble gases)
Most reactive non-metal is fluorine
Metals- gets more reactive as we move to the left and get lower
Most reactive metal is francium

41. Important Parts of the Periodic Table
Atomic Symbol- the letters symbolizing the element, used globally
Atomic Number- how the periodic table is ordered, is the number of protons in each element
Atomic Mass- how much mass an element has, number of protons and neutrons together

42. Where are these parts?
Circle the Symbol, Put a star beside the atomic number and underline the atomic mass

43. Inside an Element
Protons- same as the atomic number, is the defining characteristic of the element
The positive part of the element
Neutrons- found by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass
Electrons- for an atom, is the same number as the protons

44. Where are these parts?
For these elements, how many protons, neutrons and electrons are in each element?
Make a Bohr model for each element listed

45. To Do: 1) Colouring the Table (Grab 8 pencil crayons!)
2) Complete Protons, Electrons and Neutrons Table