1. QOD
Discuss how you would apply the scientific method to the hypothesis that cigarette smoking is dangerous.
Question:
Hypothesis: Cigarette smoking is dangerous
Experimental Plan:

2. Classification of Matter
Mrs. B-Z

3. Matter
Matter is anything that has mass or takes up space

4. Physical States
Solid, Liquid, and Gas

5. Solid Solid matter has definite shape and volume
Solids can be two types

6. Solids
Crystalline is a type of solid that has a regular arrangement or pattern to its atoms

7. Solids Amorphous solids have no particular arrangement of their atoms.
Examples: plastics and gels
The book states glass as an amorphous solid but there is debate stating it is actually a liquid instead.

9. Liquids
Liquid: Definite volume but not definite shape

10. A gas has neither definite volume nor shape
Gases
A gas has neither definite volume nor shape

11. Substances Substance: kind of matter with definite, fixed composition.
Pure Substance: elements and compounds

12. Elements and Compounds
                                    
                                    
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Elements and Compounds
Elements are fundamental substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means to a simpler substance. These can be found on the periodic table.
Compounds are elements that have been bonded together (by their electrons)

13. The types of mixtures can be distinguished by the number of phases
If it is not a pure substance (element or compound), then it is a mixture.
The types of mixtures can be distinguished by the number of phases

14. Phases
Phase = part of a system separated by physical boundaries from the other parts

15. How many different phases do you see?

16. Mixtures If a substance is NOT a pure substance than it is a mixture
Mixtures can be two types
Homogeneous: one phase, uniform
Heterogeneous: two or more phases

17. Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

18. Now begin HW Skim read pp. 38-52 P. 44 # 1-6 P. 52 # 1, 2
Reminder: There is an online assignment due Thursday.

19. Elements and Names
Atoms are the smallest particle of an element that can exist
Symbols are the one or two letter abbreviations for the elements. The first letter is always capitalized and the second (if there is one) is NEVER capitalized.

20. Metals, Metalloids and Nonmetals
Metals: high luster, high melting point, good conductors of electricity, ductile (can be drawn into wire), malleable (can be smashed into thin sheets)
Nonmetals: no luster, low melting points, poor conductors, neither ductile or malleable
Metalloids: intermediate properties

21. Group Numbers

22. Formulas
Chemical Formulas show the symbols and ratios of the atoms of an element in a compound
Ex. H2O (2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen)
Ca(NO3)2
(1 calcium, 2 nitrogen and 6 oxygen)
4(NH4)2SO4
(8 N, 32 H, 4 S, and 16 O)

23. Now complete the homework
Read pp
P. 128 Q#8

24. A ratio of measurements
Density
A ratio of measurements

25. Density
Density is a ratio of the mass to volume
Density = mass (usually in g) / volume (usually in mL or cm3)
1mL = 1 cm3

26. Which would have a larger density?
Gold coin
Styrofoam peanut

27. Formula for Density D = m/v Solve for V in terms of m and D V = m/D
Solve for m in terms of v and D
m = (V) (D)

28. Example
Find the density of a substance which has a mass of 9.01 g and a volume of 5.38 mL
D = m/v
D = 9.01 g/ 5.38 mL
(round for sig figs)
1.67 g/mL

29. Example
The mass of a sample is g and a density of cm3. Find the volume.
D = m/v
V= m/d
V = 6.835g/ g/cm3
V = 0.5 (round for sig figs)
V= cm3

30. Now begin making flashcards of the 30 elements and symbols
Ex. Side 1 H
Ex. Side 2
hydrogen

31. Define these terms. Pages 120 – 128 are an excellent resource to find this information.
Alkaline earth metal
Transition metal
Halogen
Nobel gas
Metal
Nonmetal
Semiconductor
Alkaline metal

32. Diatomic Elements
Some elements always occur as diatomic molecules when they are in their elemental state (not bonded to any other element)
Ex. H by itself is H2 as is F2, N2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2
But other elements like Na or Fe are not diatomic