1. Atoms, Elements and Compounds
Chapter 6
Atoms, Elements and Compounds

2. What are we going to be studying?
Transfer of Energy
In every chemical reaction, there is a change in energy
What we are made up of
Atoms are the foundation of biological chemistry and the building blocks for all living organisms
Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms

3. Atoms Chemistry is the study of matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
All living organisms are made up of matter
Atoms are the building blocks of matter
Atoms are made up of 3 particles
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

4. The Structure of an Atom
Atoms are made of 3 particles called subatomic particles
Protons– are positively charged
Neutrons – have no charge
Both protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus (center) of an atom
Electrons – are negatively charged
Electrons are located outside of the nucleus

5. Elements
An Element is a PURE substance that cannot be broken down into other substances
Elements cannot even be broken down by physical or chemical means.
There are over 100 known elements
92 Elements occur naturally
Each element has a unique name and symbol

6. Non-naturally occurring elements
When we create new elements by combining 2 other elements, called bombarding
Cyclotron - there is one at MSU
The nuclei are fused together
These only last for a fraction of a second
Used for research

7. The Periodic Table of Elements
Horizontal rows are called periods
Vertical columns are called groups
Number of valence electron by groups

8. Chapter 6 RFC 1 #19 - Chart ELEMENT ATOMIC SYMBOL ATOMIC # MASS #
# OF PROTONS
# OF NEUTRONS
# OF ELECTRONS
# OF VALENCE ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN H 1
CARBON C 6 12 4
NITROGEN N 7 14 5
OXYGEN O 8 16
PHOSPHORUS P 15 31
SULFUR S 32

9. # of subatomic particles
# protons = atomic #
# electrons = # of protons (for neutral atoms)
# neutrons = rounded mass # - atomic #
When we round we use the .5 rule

10. Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons, but have a different number of neutrons.
Because they have a different number of neutrons they have different masses.

11. Radioactive Isotopes
Although atoms with different number of neutrons have the same overall charge, the stability of these atoms differ.
When a nucleus decays, or breaks apart, it gives of radiation that can be detected and used for many applications.

12. Radioactive Isotopes
The half-life, or the amount of time it take for half of the radioactive isotopes to decay, can be used to determine the age of an object
Carbon dating
How old are rocks/fossils
Tracing molecules – cancer diagnosis

13. Compounds
A compound is a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine.
Are always formed from a specific combination of elements in a fixed ratio
Ex - water

14. Compounds
Compounds are chemically and physically different from the elements that make them up.
Its like a family
mom, dad, and child
are physically and chemically different

15. Compounds
Compounds cannot be broken down into simpler compounds or elements by physical means, however they can be broken down by chemical means.
Chemical means – chemical reaction

16. Compounds Each compound has a chemical formula
This formula is made up of the chemical symbols for each element they contain
They also include the number of atoms of those element