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Nucleic Acid SBI4U0 Ms. Manning.

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Presentation on theme: "Nucleic Acid SBI4U0 Ms. Manning."— Presentation transcript:

1 Nucleic Acid SBI4U0 Ms. Manning

2 Structure Contains phosphate, hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups
Informational macromolecules used to store hereditary information that determines the structural and functional characteristics of an organism Only molecules that can reproduce an identical copy of themselves

3 Monomer Nucleotides Nitrogen base Sugar phosphate

4 Polymer DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA – Ribonucleic acid

5 1) DNA Permanent storage site of genetic info
Sugar = deoxyribose, a 5C sugar with one less oxygen than ribose of RNA 4 nucleotides = A,C,T,G 2 purines = A & G, 2 pyrimidines C & T A – T and C – G Bases held together with hydrogen bonds

6 DNA Cont’d 2 strands running in opposite directions form a - helix
Phosphodiester bonds like sides of the helix Phosphate group of one to hydroxyl of sugar on other

7 2) RNA Reads the info in DNA and transcribes it into a polypeptide  DNA cannot leave the nucleus Single strand of nucleotides U replaces T

8 3) ATP Adenosine triphosphate
Used to drive all reactions in the body and supply energy

9 Nucleic Acids: Diagrams
Fig 1: Nucleotide: contains a phosphate functional group, a ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base (A,T, G, C or U)

10 Nucleic Acids: Diagrams
Fig 2: The Nitrogenous Bases: Purines are double ring bases (A and G) Pyrimidines are single rung bases (C, U, and T)

11 Nucleic Acids: Diagrams
Fig 3: ATP: A high energy molecule used by our cells to run cellular processes. When one phosphate group is lost it becomes ADP and energy is released

12 Nucleic Acids: Diagrams
Fig 4: DNA: anti-parallel backbone of sugar-phosphate, base pairs along the middle, held together by H-bonds

13 Nucleic Acids: Diagrams
Fig 5: DNA naturally coils to form an -helix, stable due to the cumulative effect of the H-bonds, pyrimidines bond to purine = constant diameter

14 Nucleic Acids: Diagrams
Fig 6: Messenger RNA (mRNA) made from DNA, carries info in DNA to cytoplasm, T is replaced with U

15 Nucleic Acids: Diagrams
Fig 7: Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome to be attached to the growing polypeptide chain.

16 Nucleic Acids: Diagrams
Fig 8: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up the ribosome, a large and small subunit grasp the mRNA between them and provide the location for polypeptide assembly

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