1. Macromolecules
Biology
Ms. Lew

2. Vocabulary Polymer Monomer Macromolecule Carbohydrate Lipids
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Lipids
Saturated fat
Unsaturated fat
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Amino Acid
Nucleotide
Phosphate

3. Organic Compounds Contain C
Carbon is special because it contains 4 valence electrons – giving it the ability to form MILLIONS of different compounds

4. Organic Compounds Contain C
WHY?? …
Carbon wants 8 electrons. So…
Carbon wants to form 4 covalent bonds to fill its outer orbital allowing for a large number of possible combinations

5. Organic Compounds Contain C
Carbon also likes to bond with other Carbon Atoms to form new structures

6. Carbon Chains

7. Carbon Ring

8. Macromolecule:
Giant molecule made of thousands of smaller molecules

9. A Polymer is:
Large molecule made of repeating subunits called monomers.

10. Carbohydrates Functions: Main source of energy for life on earth
Elements: C, H, O
Building Blocks: Sugars
Functions: Main source of energy for life on earth
Examples: Starch, cellulose, sucrose, lactose

11. Monosaccharides Single sugar molecules. Ex: glucose
Found in milk & fruit

12. Polysaccharides Large macromolecules
Animals use GLYCOGEN. Stored in the liver and muscles.
Plants use starch & cellulose

13. Additional Info
Your body NEEDS WATER in order to break down other carbohydrates into the glucose it needs.
That’s why you get thirsty when you eat - and why we need water to live!

14. Lipids Elements: C, H, O Can be a: Fat, steroid or phospholipid
Building Blocks of FATS: 1 Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

15. Lipids
Functions: Store energy (fats), form membranes (phospholipids), act as hormones (steroids)
Examples: fats, cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone

16. Types of Fats
Saturated Fat: Fatty acid contains the MAXIMUM number of possible hydrogen atoms.
Tend to be SOLIDS at room temperature

17. Types of Fats
Unsaturated Fat: Fatty acid contains at least one double bond, meaning it does not have the maximum number of hydrogen. Polyunsaturated fats have more then one double bond.
Tend to be LIQUIDS at room temperature

18. Types of Fats TRANS FATS (hydrogenated oils)
Created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid.

19. Nucleic Acid
Elements: C, H, O, N, P
Building Blocks: Nucleotides

20. Nucleic Acid Functions: Store and transmit genetic information
Examples: DNA, RNA

21. Proteins
Elements: C, H, O, N, S
Building Blocks: Amino Acids

22. Functions: form structures (bones muscles hair), regulate cell processes.
Examples: bone, muscle, nails, hair, enzymes, hormones

23. Moderation in all things
Moderation, variety
Do red meat/processed foods cause cancer?