1. Biochemistry

3. Monomers can be joined together to form polymers when water is removed
Monomers can be joined together to form polymers when water is removed. This is called Dehydration synthesis.

4. Polymers can be split into monomers when water is added
Polymers can be split into monomers when water is added. This is called Hydrolysis.

6. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
In Biology, there are 4 important molecules for life, called biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

7. 1. Carbohydrates Made of: CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Monomer: monosaccharides = 1 sugar
Examples: glucose and fructose and galactose
Polymer: polysaccharides= 2 or more sugars
Examples: cellulose, starch and glycogen

8. Carbohydrates in your Diet:

9. Functions:
Short-term energy
Structural Support
Cellulose in plants
Chitin in animals (exoskeleton) & fungi
Energy storage
Starch (in plants)
Glycogen (in animals)

10. Tests (indicators) for Carbohydrates
Benedict’s solution and HEAT
Tests for Glucose
Positive (+)=yellow, orange or red
Negative (-) = Blue / no color change
Iodine
Tests for Starch
Positive (+) = blue/black
Negative (-) = yellow/brown

11. 2. Lipids
Made of:
CHO (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Lipids are NOT polymers.
Structure: They are made of glycerol and fatty acids.

12. Looks like:
3 Fatty Acids
Glycerol

13. 2 types of Fatty Acids Saturated- saturated with Hydrogen atoms
Unsaturated- not saturated with Hydrogen because of double bond
Ex. Fats, oils, waxes, steroids
Not soluble in water!!

14. Functions of the lipids:
Long-term energy
Insulation
Protection
Prevent water loss
Send chemical messages (steroids)
Makes up cell membrane
Phospholipids
Hydrophilic- water-loving
Hydrophobic- water-fearing

16. Tests (indicators) for Lipids
Sudan III
Positive (+)= red
Negative (-) = no color change
Brown Paper Bag
Positive (+) = translucent spot
Negative (-) = no change

17. 3. Proteins
Made of:
CHON - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

18. Monomer- Amino Acid
20 different types depending on R-groups

19. Polymer – polypeptide
Shape determines the protein’s function
Held together by hydrogen bonds called peptide bonds.

20. Functions:
Transport (hemoglobin)
Regulate organs (hormones)
Form muscles
Structure (hair & nails)
Control chemical reactions (enzymes)
Fight disease (antibodies)

21. Sources of Protein
Meats
Beans
Nuts
Eggs

22. Tests (indicators) for Proteins
Biuret
Positive (+)= clear purple
Negative (-) = light blue/no color change

23. 4. Nucleic Acids
Made of:
CHONP - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous

24. 2 types of Polymer: DNA and RNA
Monomers – Nucleotide (3 parts)
1. Sugar
2. Base
3. Phosphate group
2 types of Polymer: DNA and RNA

25. Function:
Stores & transmits genetic information

26. Tests for Nucleic Acids
Not applicable!