1. Make a Unit Cover Page for Unit 2: Chemistry on your next open page in your notebook immediately when you enter the room.
Title the next page,
“Chapter 2 Pre-Test.”

2. Write These Questions and Answers in Your Notebook
Chapter Pre-test:
1. What instrument would you use to measure temperature? Thermometer
2. Which of the following is a unit of volume?
A. atmosphere
B. gram
C. meter
D. liter
3. What characteristic of matter can you measure using a graduated cylinder?
4. The sides of a cube are 2 cm by 2 cm. What is the volume of the cube?
5. What additional quantity would you need to calculate the density of the cube in question 4?
6. Which of the following topics is not studied in chemistry?
A. Composition of matter
B. reactions of substances
C. properties of materials
D. motion of large objects.

3. Answers Chapter Pre-test:
1. What instrument would you use to measure temperature? Thermometer
2. Which of the following is a unit of volume?
A. atmosphere
B. gram
C. meter
D. liter D.
3. What characteristic of matter can you measure using a graduated cylinder? Volume
4. The sides of a cube are 2 cm by 2 cm. What is the volume of the cube? 8 cm3
5. What additional quantity would you need to calculate the density of the cube in question 4? Mass
6. Which of the following topics is not studied in chemistry?
A. Composition of matter
B. reactions of substances
C. properties of materials
D. motion of large objects. D.

4. Physical science Chapter 2
Properties of Matter

5. Lab
Each group will be provided 4 materials, a rubber band, a steel paper clip, a copper prong, and wooden pencil or toothpick.
Determine the properties or characteristics of the materials by touching, smelling, and looking at them.
Record these properties in a table/chart.
After you record these properties, write a description of each material that could be used to clearly identify it.
Only take from 5-10 minutes

6. Possibilities Rubber’s elasticity Copper’s color Steel’s shininess
Wood’s brittleness
Description:
Copper is a gold-ish solid that is flexible enough to be shaped and bent

7. Section objectives
1. Classify pure substances as elements or compounds.
2. Understand why elements and compounds are classified as pure substances
3. Understand how mixtures differ from pure substances.
4. Know what the main difference is among solutions, suspensions, and colloids.

8. Heterogeneous mixture
Matter
Substance
Element
Compound
Mixture
Heterogeneous mixture
Homogenous Mixture

9. Intro
A tendency to wrinkle is a property of cotton, the tendency to not wrinkle is a tendency of polyester, the tendency to shrink when washed is a property of wool.
Why do different clothing materials have different properties?
Different substances have different properties based on the elements and compounds that make them up!

10. Pure substances
Matter that always has the same composition is classified as a pure substance, or substance
Every sample of a given substance has the same properties because a substance has a fixed, uniform composition.
Salt is a composition of sodium and chloride
Substances can be classified into two categories, elements and compounds
Matter
Substance
Elements
Compounds

11. Elements There are only about 100 elements
Element: a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
An atom is the smallest particle of an element
An element has a fixed composition because it contains only one
type of atom.

12. Elements No two elements contain the same type of atom.
Most elements are solids at room temperature (20 C, 68 F)

13. Examples of Elements
Aluminum

14. Example
Carbon

15. Elements Some elements are gas at room temperature
Oxygen and nitrogen are the main gases we breathe

16. Liquid Elements
Only two elements are liquid at room temperature: Bromine and mercury, both are very poisonous

17. Symbols (don’t write)
The symbols for elements are similar to why scientists use the SI system of measurement.
Why do you think?
Many symbols are based on the Latin name for the element and all scientists agree on the symbol for each element
*project!: Choose an element you are unfamiliar with. Research the origin of the symbol. Then, research the application or use of the element. Write at least a paragraph detailing this information and turn it in on Friday

18. Compounds
A compound is a substance that is made from two or more simpler substances. The simpler substances are either elements or other compounds

19. Compounds continued
THE PROPERTIES OF A COMPOUND DIFFER FROM THOSE OF THE SUBSTANCES FROM WHICH IT IS MADE
Water is a compound made up of the elements hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)
Both of these elements are gases at room temperature, but water is a liquid
Hydrogen can fuel a fire and oxygen is needed to keep it going, but water is used to put it out

20. COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS ALWAYS CONTAIN TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS JOINED IN A FIXED PORTION/POSITION
Silicon dioxide, for example, is the compound found in most light colored sand
It is made from the elements silicon ( a gray solid) and oxygen.
It is always made with two oxygen atoms for each silicon atom. (di means 2)

21. Mixtures
Mixtures tend to retain some of the properties of their individual substances
But the properties of a mixture are less constant than the properties of a substance
The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed.

22. On your own
Read pages 41-44
Create a chart in your notebook with descriptive visuals and examples to help you classify the different types of mixtures
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Solutions
Suspension
Colloid
When you finish, complete section 1 in your workbook.
Write the answers in your notebook.

23. Types of mixtures Mixtures are combinations of substances
The composition of the substances (unlike compounds) are not constant
Example: salsa
Heterogeneous mixtures: the parts that make up the mixture are noticeably different
Example: sand

24. Bellwork
Think of a homogeneous and a hetergeneous mixture

25. Heterogeneous Mixtures Hetero (different) genus (kind)

26. Homogeneous mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures: the substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance from another
Example: a stainless steel spoon is a homogeneous mixture of iron, chromium and nickel

27. Homogeneous Mixtures

28. Solutions, Suspensions, Colloids
Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be classified as a solution, suspension, or a colloid

29. Solution
Solution: when substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture
Example: sugar dissolved in water
Characteristics:
Particles are too small to settle out of the solution
Particles cannot be trapped by a filter
Particles are too small to scatter light

30. Solution

31. Suspension “Shake Well”
Suspension: a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time
Example: Sand and water
Characteristics:
Particles will settle
Particles can be filtered
Particles are large enough to scatter light

32. Suspension

33. Colloid
Colloid: contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension.
Example: homogeneous milk
Characteristics:
Particles do not separate into layers
You cannot filter to separate parts of a colloid
Particles are large enough to scatter light

34. Colloid

35. Mixture Solution Suspension Colloid Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Combination of substances
Solution
When substances dissolve in a homogeneous mixture, sugar water
Suspension
Heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers, sand and water
Colloid
Homogeneous mixture with intermediate particles, milk, fog
Heterogeneous
Parts are noticeably different , sand
Homogeneous
Parts are evenly distributed, stainless steel spoon

36. Examples of physical properties
Physical property: any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.
Viscosity
Conductivity
Malleability
Hardness
Melting point
Boiling point
Density

37. Viscosity
Viscosity: the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing-its resistance to flowing
The greater the viscosity the slower the liquid flows

38. Viscosity usually decreases when heated Importance? Think motor oil…

39. Conductivity Conductivity: a material’s ability to allow heat to flow
Materials with high conductivity are conductors
If a material is a good conductor of heat it will usually do the same for electricity
So why do we stir soup with a wooden spoon?

40. Conductive materials

41. Malleability
Malleability: the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.
Most metals are malleable
Solids that shatter when struck are brittle
Give an example of a malleable and brittle material.

42. Malleability

43. To compare hardness you can try to scratch one object with another
Hardness: how hard a material is
To compare hardness you can try to scratch one object with another
Diamond is the hardest material known

44. Hardness

45. Melting and boiling points
Melting Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to liquid
Boiling Point: The temperature at which a substance boils
What are the melting and boiling points of water in Celsius?

46. Boiling point https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVr9WdPjJ-s
Melting Point

47. Melting/Boiling Points

48. Density Density: can be used to test the purity of a substance
Examples include methanol for bike racing

49. Homework
Finish section 1 packet