1. Nucleic Acids Individual unit called a (mono)nucleotide
Polymer
Individual unit called a (mono)nucleotide
DNA is a type of nucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid

2. Nucleotide Structure 3 components: Pentose sugar Organic base
Phosphate
sugar
base
Stay the same
Changes
Contains nitrogen & carbon
Pentose sugar
(5 Carbon atoms)
3 components:
Pentose sugar
(ribose in DNA)
Phosphoric acid
Organic base
(always contains nitrogen)

3. 4 Bases Purines – Pyrimidines – Double ringed structure
Single ringed structure

4. Bondings The base and sugar join with a: glycosidic bond
The phosphate and sugar join with an:
ester bond
Both require a condensation reaction to occur 

5. 2 condensation reactions occur in the formation of a nucleotide:
Phosphate
2 condensation reactions occur in the formation of a nucleotide: H
Ester bond OH
Glycosidic
bond OH H
Base
Sugar

7. Tell me… 4 names of bases in DNA 3 components of a nucleotide
2 ends of a strand are called
1 place where a condensation reaction occurs
2 types of bonds in a nucleotide
1 difference between purine and pyrimidine bases

8. Phosphodiester Bonds: the sugar-phosphate-backbone

9. Complementary Base Pairing
*Purines always pair with pyrimidines*
A joins to T (2 hydrogen bonds)
C joins to G (3 hydrogen bonds)
see

10. 5’
3 hydrogen bonds 3’ C G
0.34nm A T 3’
2 hydrogen bonds 5’
2nm

11. Bonding relationships
Type of Base
Purine
Pyrimidine
Structure
Bonding relationships
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
= hydrogen bond

12. Type Purine Pyrimidine Structure Name Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine
/ Uracil

13. For the DNA strand 5'-TACGATCATAT-3' the correct complementary DNA strand is:B
3'-ATGCTAGTATA-5' C
3'-AUGCUAGUAUA-5' D
3'-GCATATACGCG-5' E
3'-TATACTAGCAT-5'

16. Nucleotide 3 components: Pentose sugar; deoxyribose Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base; 4 types:
Join by condensation
phosphate
base
Stay the same
sugar
Changes
Contains nitrogen & carbon
Ribose sugar in RNA
Deoxyribose sugar in DNA
Pentose sugar (5 Carbon atoms)