1. Polymers Most macromolecules are polymers build from monomers.
Starch is built from glucose monomers
Proteins are built from amino acid monomers
VIDEO

2. Joining Polymers Condensation or dehydration reaction: Hydrolysis:
Creating a polymer by removing a water
Hydrolysis:
Water used to split polymers into smaller portions
Hydro - Water
Lysis – Cut or split

3. Carbohydrates Fuel and Building Material
Simple sugars ( glucose, fructose, galactose)
Polymers: starch.
All exist in ratio of 1:2:1 C:H:0
Monosaccharides:
Monomers of carbohydrates
Glucose, ribose
Polysaccharides: polymers of monosaccharides
Starch, cellulose, glycogen

4. Glycosidic Linkage

5. Energy Storage & Structural Support
Energy storage polysaccharides
Starch: Plants
Glycogen: Animals, muscle and liver cells
Structural Support
Cellulose: Component of plant cell walls
Chitin: Exoskeleton of arthropods, lobsters, cockroaches
“Crunch”

6. Lipids Mostly Hydrophobic Not considered polymers
Why not?
Fats aka triglycrides
Examples are oils and fats

7. Lipids Functions of fatty acids
Energy storage, 2x cal/g than carbohydrates
Protection and Insulation (adipose tissue)

8. Phospholipids Phospholipids Cell membrane Phosphate head
Glycerol backbone
Hydrocarbon tails
Form Bilayer

9. Phospholipid Structure

10. Protein Structure and Function
Polymers made of amino acid monomers
Amino acids:
Central carbon bonded to carboxyl
Amino group
Hydrogen Atom
R group

11. Nucleic Acids Store and transmit hereditary information
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Both have monomer nucleotides
Nucleotides 3 parts

12. Nucleic Acid Structure

13. DNA & RNA DNA is the molecule of heredity RNA Double stranded helix
Composed of nucleotides
RNA
Single Stranded
Composed of
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil