1. Chapter 5 - Unit 4 Elements, Symbols and the Periodic Table
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Chapter 5 - Unit 4 Elements, Symbols and the Periodic Table
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2. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Elements
Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes
Are the building blocks of matter
112 elements known today
Examples: carbon
gold
calcium
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3. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Symbols of Elements
Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations
Capitalize the first letter only
Examples:
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium
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4. Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin name
Copper Cu cuprum
Gold Au aurum
Lead Pb plumbum
Mercury Hg hydrargyrum
Potassium K kalium
Silver Ag argentum
Sodium Na natrium
Tin Sn stannum
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5. % Major Elements in the Body
O 65.0 % K
C S
H Na
N Cl
Ca Fe
P Zn Mg
Trace Elements
As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V
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6. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check 1
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) CA
B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) Su
C. Iron
1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe
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7. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution 1
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
2) Ca
B. Sulfur
1) S
C. Iron
3) Fe
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8. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check 2
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel
B. P
1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver 2) agean 3) gold
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9. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution 2
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
2) nitrogen
B. P
3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver
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10. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Periodic Table
The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
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11. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Physical Properties
The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
Color
Size
Shape
Density
Freezing and Boiling Points
Odor
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12. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Groups of Elements
Vertical columns on the periodic table
Similar physical properties
Similar chemical properties
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13. Representative Groups on the Periodic Table
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14. Representative Groups
Group 1 (IA) Alkali Metals (Most reactive metals!)
Group 2 (IIA) Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7 (VIIA) Halogens (Salt formers Most reactive non metals)
Group 8 (VIIIA)Noble Gases (Very Stable Non-reactive)
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15. Location of Some Groups
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
N O G
B a
L s
E e s A
l m
k e
a t
l a
i l s A l
k e
a a
l r
i t
n h e H a l o g e n s
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16. Periods on the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.
(Or Group IA to Group VIIIA)
Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….
Include representative elements and transition elements
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17. Periods on the Periodic Table1 2 3 4 5 6
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18. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check 3
A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4
1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron
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19. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution 3
A. Element in Group 7A, period 4
1) Br
B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3
2) magnesium
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20. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check 4
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4
1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
1) As, Sb, Bi ) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
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21. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution 4
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4
1) Br
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
2) magnesium
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
2) N, P, As
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22. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
- Good conductors of electricity and heat
- Ductile
- Malleable
- Lustrous (shiny)
- In chemical reactions, metals lose electrons to form
positively charged ions
- Vast majority of known elements are metals
- All are solids except for mercury, which is a liquid at
room temperature and pressure
- Are found on the left of the zig zag line. 22 22

23. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Not lustrous (dull)
- Can be gases, liquids, or solids
- Solid nonmetals are brittle
- Tend to gain electrons in reactions with metals to form negatively charged ions
- Share electrons in reactions with other nonmetals
- Are found to the right of the zig zag line
Metalloids (Semi-metals)
- Exhibit properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Found along the zig zag line. 23 23

24. Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids1 2
Nonmetals 3 4 5
Metals 6 7
Metalloids 24
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 349 24

25. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check 5
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur ____
B. chlorine ____
C. sodium ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____
F. silver ____
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26. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution 5
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur 2
B. chlorine 2
C. sodium 1
D. iron 1
E. carbon 2
F. silver 1
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27. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check 6
Select the correct elements:
A. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
2) C, Si
3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Nonmetals in Group VA
1) As, Sb, Bi
2) N, P, As
3) N, P, As, Sb
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28. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution 6
A. Metals in Group 4A
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A
2) N, P, As
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