1. Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including DNA replication.
DNA & RNA
Objective 3.01
Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including DNA replication.

2. DNA Stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid Can’t leave the nucleus
Holds our genetic information
(the way we look!)
Holds instructions for making protein
Enzymes are a protein (remember that?)
Enzymes are involved in all actions: eating, thinking, running!

3. The Discovery of DNA
The structure of DNA was discovered by two scientists, Watson & Crick.
It is a twisted, two-stranded structure called a Double Helix

4. The Structure of DNA DNA is a polymer (remember what this is?)
A Nucleotide is the monomer that makes up the polymer DNA.
So, several nucleotides (monomer) joined together make up DNA (polymer).

5. Nucleotides Nucleotides are made up of 3 parts: Sugar (Deoxyribose)
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base
Purines
Adenine
Guanine
Pyrimidines
3. Cytosine
4. Thymine

6. Base Pairing Bases pair up and are held together by a hydrogen bond.
Adenine always pairs with Thymine
Guanine always pairs with Cytosine.
These make up the “steps” of the “ladder”.

8. A -- ____ T -- ____ G -- ____ C -- ____
Base Pair
A -- ____ T -- ____ G -- ____ C -- ____

9. RNA RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. Main function is to make protein.
Found in the nucleus & cytoplasm
Made of nucleotides just like DNA but with a few differences:
The sugar is Ribose, instead of Deoxyribose.
It is single stranded
Uses the nitrogen base Uracil in place of Thymine

10. RNA Bases The nitrogen bases for RNA are
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
URASIL!
Because there is no Thymine, Adenine pairs with Uracil!

12. Base Pair
G – ____
C – ____
U – ____
A – ____

13. 3 Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Each of these RNA’s have a different function.