1. Warm-up Cut out the monomer on your table.
Add one academic goal for the next test onto your monomer
Tape your monomer to those of your table partners.
My Goal

2. Biomolecules and Proteins

3. Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry- the chemistry of carbon
Carbon- four valance electrons
Carbon can form 4 bonds

4. Chemistry of Carbon Carbon can also form: Single bonds Double bonds
Triple bonds

5. Chemistry of Carbon
All of this means that carbon can form a large variety of complex molecules.
This diversity is why carbon is important to the chemistry of life.

6. Macromolecules
All biological molecules are “giant molecules” known as macromolecules.

7. Macromolecules
Macromolecules are made of small repeating smaller molecules called “monomers”.
Monomers combine in long chains to form “polymers”.

8. The Four Groups All living things are made of: You must know:
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
You must know:
The monomer
The polymer
The structure
The function
Dietary source
of each.

9. Proteins
Made of:
Carbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen

10. Proteins
Monomer = Amino Acid
20 different types

11. Proteins
Amino acid monomers combine to form a polymer called a polypeptide.
The process also makes water

12. Protein
Once the polypeptide is made it twists and folds into a protein.
Shape dictates what a protein does.
Held together by hydrogen bonds.

13. Functions of protein Control chemical reaction rates.
Bone and muscle movement.
Transport substances.
Fight disease.

14. Sources of Protein

15. Biological Molecules Carbohydrates A) Structure: also know as:
SUGAR and STARCH
A) Structure:
1) made of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

16. Biological Molecules 2) Monomers are MONOSACCHARIDES
example: Glucose
3) polymers are POLYSACCHARIDES
example: Starch

17. Biological Molecules B) Functions: 1) Quick energy.
(this is why you get hyper after eating a candy bar)
a) plants store a polysaccharide called CELLULOSE and STARCH
b) animals store a polysaccharide called GLYCOGEN

18. Biological Molecules B) Functions: 2) used for structure
Cellulose is used to give plants their shape
Human’s can’t digest cellulose
That’s why a lot of plants look the same coming out as they did going in…gross

19. Biological Molecules C) Sources:
When you eat too much sugar from any source it gets changed by the body into FAT

20. Biological Molecules Lipids A) Structure: Examples: 1) made of FATS
Cholesterol
Hormones
A) Structure:
1) made of
Carbon,
Hydrogen
Oxygen

21. Biological Molecules 2) Lipids don’t have polymers and monomers.
They are made of two parts though:
Glycerol
Fatty Acids

22. Biological Molecules B) Functions: 1) Insulation 2) Store Energy
keeps you warm
2) Store Energy
store more energy than sugar but it’s harder to get to

23. Biological Molecules B) Functions:
3) make up the outer layer of the cell
This is called the lipid bilayer

24. Biological Molecules B) Functions: 4) move messages around your body
for example, steroids or hormones.

25. Biological Molecules C) Sources:
if you eat too many fatty foods…you know what happens...

26. Biological Molecules Nucleic Acids A) Structure: Examples: DNA and RNA
1) made of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Nitrogen

27. Biological Molecules 2) Monomers = Nucleotides Phosphate Sugar
Nitrogenous Base
example:
Nucleotide

28. Biological Molecules ) Polymers are Polynucleotides
Phosphate and sugars of each nucleotide join covalently forming a polymer
Sugar phosphate backbone
Examples: DNA/RNA

29. Biological Molecules RNA- Ribonucleic Acid
Single strand (one molecule)

30. Biological Molecules DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid Double stranded
Each strand similar in structure to RNA.
Held together in the center by hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases.
Twist to form a double helix.
Hydrogen bond

31. Biological Molecules B) Functions:
1) Transmit hereditary information (genetic information)
a) Some organisms receive all of their genetic information from one parent (ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION)
b) Others receive a combination of genetic information from two parents (SEXUAL REPRODUCTION)
The Melungeons-
The “Blue People” of West Virginia

32. Biological Molecules B) Functions:
2) stores the information used to make proteins
DNA- Stores this information in the NUCLEUS of a cell.
RNA- carries this information to where it is used to make protein.