1. TEST Tuesday Sept 18 Covers biochemistry and characteristics of life
Biochemistry Notes
TEST
Tuesday Sept 18
Covers biochemistry and characteristics of life

2. Inorganic and Organic Compounds
Quiz Friday 9/14
Test Tues. 9/18

3. Inorganic Compounds Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon
Ex: WATER
salts
vitamins (A, D, C)
minerals (K, Ca, Fe)

4. Organic Compounds Organic compounds:
Compounds whose molecules contain carbon
ALL living things contain carbon. It is known as the “backbone of life”
Contain C-C or C-H bonds
4 valence electrons allow it to bond very easily

5. Monomer vs Polymer
Macromolecules are “giant molecules” made from thousands of smaller molecules
Monomers are the smaller units of these giant molecules
Polymers are many monomers joined together

6. 4 Groups of Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates (saccharides)
Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio
This is the main source of energy for living things
Provides “FAST ENERGY”
EX: sugars (-ose), starch
monomer= monosaccharides
polymer = polysaccharides

7. 4 Groups of Organic Compounds: Lipids (fats, oils)
Lipids are made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms
Help form cell membranes, hormones and cholesterol
Considered “LONG TERM ENERGY”
Are hydrophobic (oil, butter, lard, wax)
Monomer = fatty acid chain
Polymer = triglyceride

8. 4 Groups of Organic Compounds: Proteins (peptides)
Proteins are macromolecules that contain hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen
Form many body structures (bones, muscles)
Help fight diseases (antibodies)

9. 4 Groups of Organic Compounds: Proteins (peptides)
EX: enzymes, hemoglobin, meats, body fluids/tissue
Monomer = amino acids
Polymer = proteins

10. 4 Groups of Organic Compounds: Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus
Store and transmit genetic information
EX: DNA and RNA
Monomers = nucleotides
Polyomers = DNA/RNA

11. DNA
DNA is a nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information from one generation of an organism to another
Double helix

12. DNA Long molecule (nucleotide) is made up of three components:
Deoxyribose (sugar)
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine)

13. RNA RNA molecules that contain coded information of making proteins
Nucleotide is made up of three components:
Ribose (sugar)
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base (URACIL, adenine, cytosine, guanine)
Ribose sugar

14. Reading a Nutrition Label

15. Enzymes (-ase)
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts (speeds up a chemical reaction)
Ex: catalase
Lower the activation energy which speeds up the reaction
Without enzymes digestion would take months!!

16. Enzyme Action Enzymes are specific to substrates (reactants)
Works like a “lock and key” (substrate fits in to the active site)
Perform best at optimum temperatures and pH
High temperatures can “denature” (change the shape) of the enzymes active site

17. Enzyme Action
Product
Reactant

18. Enzyme Lock and Key

19. Competitive and Noncompetitive Inhibition
Competitive: blocks active site
Noncompetitive: binds to the enzymes and changes its shape

20. Enzyme Manipulative Checklist

21. Enzymes and Digestion