1. Unit 1 Notes: Biochemical Reactions in Living Things

2. (1) Matter & Energy All living things are made of matter (atoms).
All living things require energy to do anything.
Both Cycle & Transform:
Cells need to break apart molecules and build new ones.
Cells need to store energy for future reactions, and have energy for current reactions.

3. (2) ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate is an energy exchanging molecule for living systems.
To Release Energy  Remove a phosphate using water.
To Store Energy  Bond a phosphate onto Adenosine Diphosphate using water.

7. (3) Polarity
When an atom, or a portion of a compound having a partial charge, due to the uneven distribution of electrons.
Polarity changes the way biomolecules can react within living systems!
Example: Water Molecules

9. (4) Water & Living Things
Chemical Formula = H2O
Cells are approx. 70% water
Characteristics:
Polar
Cohesion  Water molecules attract other water molecules.
Adhesion  Water molecules are attracted to other polar surfaces.
Universal Solvent

14. (5) Biomolecule Metabolism
Biomolecules:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Metabolism:
The breaking down / building of molecules using chemical reactions inside cells.
Common Reactions used to Break Down & Create Molecules:
Hydrolysis
Dehydration Synthesis

15. (6) Hydrolysis Hydro = Water -lysis = Break Apart / Explode / Rupture
Water is added to larger polymers, to break them down into smaller monomer units.
Allows cells to release stored chemical potential energy in molecule bonds.

17. (7) Dehydration Synthesis
De = Without / Remove Hydration = Water Synthesis = To produce / To make
Dehydration Synthesis:
The removal of water from two smaller monomer units, in order to produce a larger polymer molecule.
Allows cells to bond together smaller molecules, and store energy within the newly formed bonds.