1. Let’s Get Started on Biomolecules
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2. Warm Up 8/30/2016
Pop Quiz!!!
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3. Macromolecules are large molecules within the cells.
Biomolecules
Other names for a Biomolecule are:
Macromolecule
Organic Compound
Polymer
Macromolecules are large molecules within the cells.
They are made from thousands of smaller molecules.

4. A.) Monomers - smaller compounds B.) Polymers - larger compounds
C.) Polymerization - building of large compounds by putting together smaller ones.
Analogy: The cars of a train are put together to form the entire train.
Cars of a train = monomers Train= polymer

5. Linking Monomers into Polymers
Cells link monomers into polymers by a process called condensation or dehydration synthesis (removing a water molecule)

6. Breaking Down Polymers
Cells break down macromolecules by a process called hydrolysis (adding a molecule of water)

7. Learning Activity #1
Get with a partner sitting next to you, without getting out of your seat.
First : Discuss the three names associated with Biomolecules and highlight all three of them in your notebook.
Second: Come up with a real life example of monomers and polymers that you use daily (DO NOT use the train example).
***Be ready to share your group’s discussion with the class!

8. The 4 Major Biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates (sugars, starches)
2) Lipids (fats, oils, waxes, steroids)
3) Proteins (amino acids)
4) Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA)

9. Learning Activity #2
Write down everything that you have eaten today, you can also include what you have had to drink.
Which items were carbohydrates?
Which items were proteins?
Which items were lipids?

10. 1. Carbohydrates
“Quick source of stored energy” or Fast Fuel sugars & starches
Made of C (Carbon), H(Hydrogen), & O(Oxygen)
***Acronym: CHO
Made in a 1:2:1 ratio
C6H12O6
Monomer = Monosaccharide
Three types of Carbs:
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, & Polysaccharides

11. Monosaccharides Simple Sugars:
A.) Glucose - “blood sugar”  energy for cellular respiration
B.) Galactose - sugar in milk & yogurt
C.) Fructose - sugar found in honey
***All 3 have same molecular structure (C6H12O6) but different structural formulas or shapes.

12. Disaccharides 2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together
3 Common Disaccharides:
A. Sucrose (table sugar)= glucose + fructose
B. Lactose (sugar in milk) = glucose + galactose
C. Maltose= (product of starch digestion)= glucose + glucose

13. Polysaccharides As known as (a.k.a) starches
Starches are polymers of glucose
A. Amylose
B. Amylopectin
***Side note:
Sugars are soluble in water
Starches are insoluble in water

14. Learning Activity #3
Get with a partner sitting next to you, without getting out of your seat. One person will answer question one, the other will answer question two. Then share your answers with each other.
1. Name which macromolecule you would need the most for running a marathon. What types of food would you eat before the marathon?
2. Explain the difference between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide.

15. Structures of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

16. ***Acronym: CH-CH-CH-CHO
2. Lipids
Made of C (Carbon), H (Hydrogen), & O (Oxygen)
(Mostly C’s & H’s)
***Acronym: CH-CH-CH-CHO
Generally insoluble in water. (hydrophobic)
Lipids are NOT formed from monomers but consists of a Fatty Acid Tail and a Glycerol
Consist of fats, oils and waxes, also steroids

17. Functions of Lipids Used as long-term stored energy
Some are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
Protection
Formed when glycerol joins a fatty acid group.

18. Structure of a Lipid

19. Types of Lipids Saturated Fats
Solid at Room Temperature (lard, Crisco)
All Carbon atoms are completely surrounded by Hydrogen atoms.
Unsaturated Fats
Liquid at Room Temperature (cooking oils.)
Some Carbon atoms are double bonded to one another

20. 3. Proteins Many structures/Many functions
Made of C (Carbon), H (Hydrogen), O (Oxygen), & N (Nitrogen)
***Acronym: CHON
Formed from monomers called amino acids

21. Function of Proteins All proteins have a specific role, such as:
Regulating Cell Processes
Controlling the rate of reactions (movement)
Forming muscles or bones (structural support)
Transporting substances into or out of cells
Fighting diseases (against foreign substances)

22. Write your answer in a complete sentence!!!
Learning Activity #4
Get with a partner sitting next to you, without getting out of your seat and chose one function of a protein that we just discussed.
What would happen if the protein that controlled that function stopped working?
Write your answer in a complete sentence!!!

23. Amino Acid Molecular Structure
5 Parts You MUST Know:
1. Central Carbon (to which the remaining groups are attached)
2. Carboxyl Group (COOH)
3. Amino Group (NH2)
4. Variant Group (R- Group or Side Chain)
5. Hydrogen Atom (H)

24. 4. Nucleic Acids
Made of C (Carbon), H (Hydrogen), O (Oxygen), N (Nitrogen) & P (Phosphorus)
***Acronym: CHON-P
Formed from monomers called nucleotides.
Function:
Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information

25. Nucleotide Made up of: 1) 5-Carbon Sugar 2) A Phosphate Group
3) Nitrogenous Base

26. Types of Nucleic Acids DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Contains the Sugar: Deoxyribose
RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Contains the Sugar: Ribose