1. Museum of History & Holocaust Education
The Holocaust
Museum of History & Holocaust Education
MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND HOLOCAUST EDUCATION • KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY • historymuseum.kennesaw.edu

2. Part 3: Understanding the Holocaust: Primary Source Analysis – Questions
Observe
What is happening in this photograph?
Reflect
Who do you think took this photograph? Why?
Who do you think was the audience for this photograph?
When do you think it was taken?
Question
How does this picture make you feel?

3. The Holocaust
What do you know?

5. Why did Germans elect Adolf Hitler in 1933?
To help improve the economy.
To remove the shame of losing World War I.
To help make Germany great again.
1933

6. Dachau, Opened March 1933 for Political opponents
1933 – The First Concentration Camp
Dachau, Opened March 1933 for Political opponents
1933

7. May 10, 1933 – Book Burnings
1933

8. Propaganda
1933

9. The Nuremberg Laws 1935
1933
1935

10. The Nuremberg Laws 1935
The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich.
"The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor" (regarding Jewish marriage) and "The Reich Citizenship Law" (designating Jews as subjects).
1933
1935

11. Other Groups were also targeted
Gypsies (Roma)
Communists
Political Opponents
Mentally and Physically handicapped individuals
Many others
1933
1935

12. Life for Jews in Nazi Germany
Could not own houses or businesses
Removed from their jobs as lawyers, doctors, and civil servants
Were harassed, arrested, and sometimes put in prison
Were not allowed to pray, go to temple, or practice Jewish customs
Were not considered citizens by German law.
Nazi sign boycotting Jewish-owned businesses
1933
1935

13. Attacks on Jews
The Night of Broken Glass. Called “Kristallnacht” in Germany – November 1938
1933
1935
1938

14. Analyzing Primary Sources

15. Attacks on Jews Jews were fined 1 billion Reichsmarks to repair the
property damage and
restore cleanliness to the
German streets.
In the following 10 months,
115,000 Jews emigrated
from the Reich.
1933
1935
1938

16. Attacks on Jews These attacks were widely reported in the news.
Front page of the New York Times
On November 11, 1938
1933
1935
1938

17. 1939 - World War II began September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland.
3 million Jews lived in Poland.
1933
1935
1938
1939

18. Europe
1933
1935
1938
1939

19. Europe - September 1939
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1935
1938
1939

20. Europe 1940
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1935
1938
1939

21. Jews Removed from Society – The Ghettos
1933
1935
1938
1939

22. Resistance
1933
1935
1938
1939

23. Resistance
In some ghettos, members of Jewish resistance movements staged armed uprisings. The largest of these was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in spring 1943.
1933
1935
1938
1939

24. The Final Solution: The Wannsee Conference
On January 20, 1942, 15 high-ranking Nazi Party and German government officials gathered at a villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to discuss and coordinate the implementation of what they called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question."
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1935
1938
1939
1941
1942

25. Tightening the Noose: The Einsatzgruppen
By the spring of 1943, the Einsatzgruppen and Order Police battalions had killed over a million Soviet Jews and tens of thousands of Soviet political commissars, partisans, Roma, and institutionalized disabled persons.

26. The Camp System
There were over 40,000 camps in the German system (transit camps, work camps, concentration camps, and extermination camps)
– Arrested and sent to prisons and concentration camps
– Arrested, transported to camps and killed in extermination camps
1933
1935
1938
1939
1941
1942

27. Extermination Camps Auschwitz-Birkenau (opened May 1940, Poland)
Majdanek (opened Oct. 1941, Poland)
Chelmo (opened Dec. 1941, Poland)
Belzec (opened 1942, Poland)
Sobibor (opened 1942, Poland)
Treblinka (opened 1942, Poland)
1933
1935
1938
1939
1941
1942

28. The End of the War and Holocaust - 1945
2nd May 1945 – German forces in Berlin surrender 4th May 1945 – All German troops throughout Europe surrender World War II ended in Europe but left millions of people homeless and without jobs, food, or money. As the Allied troops advanced through Europe they liberated the camps.
1933
1935
1938
1939
1941
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1945

29. Conclusion
Between 1933 and 1945 over 6 million Jewish people and 5 million others were murdered by the Nazi Party
The murder of these 11 million people is called the Holocaust
General Dwight D. Eisenhower tours the liberated Ohrdruf concentration camp, April 12, 1945
“I made the visit deliberately, in order to be in a position to give first-hand evidence of these things if ever, in the future, there develops a tendency to charge these allegations merely to ‘propaganda.’”
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1945