1. Dwight David Eisenhower (Ike) https://www. youtube. com/watch

2. 1950s “Automania” 1956- Interstate Highway Act
$250,000,000,000 for highways
41,000 miles of highway

3. Civilians could move out of URBAN AREAS
Suburbs can be further and further away
“White flight”- Poorer people remain in urban areas
MILITARY could quickly move in event of war
One of the reasons Eisenhower signs it
Easier to TRANSPORT goods around country
“trucking” leads to a decline in railroad use
Stimulates other areas of the economy
Hotels, fast food, tourism (Disneyland opens)

4. I. BRINKSMANSHIP RULES US POLICY
Secretary of State DULLES
in order to stop the spread of communism, the United States must promise to use all its force, INCLUDING NUCLEAR WEAPONS, against any aggressor nation
BRINKSMANSHIP- Willingness
of the United States to go to the edge
(“brink”) of all-out war

5. “Massive Retaliation” with nukes was meant to “deter” Soviet aggression
Army and Navy are trimmed; AIR FORCE (bomb delivery) and nuclear arsenal are expanded
ARMS RACE- Both the U.S. and Soviets build up their nuclear stockpiles
Fear of Nuclear War becomes a constant in American life for next 30 years

6. How can this massive build up actually make the world a safer place?

7. Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)
each side has enough nuclear weaponry to destroy the other side….
either side, if attacked for any reason by the other, would retaliate without fail with equal or greater force. (BRINKSMANSHIP)….
neither side will dare to launch a first strike because the other side will launch, resulting in unacceptable losses for both parties.
The payoff of the MAD doctrine is expected to be a tense but stable global peace.

8. The Space Race Begins 1957: SPUTNIK launched US begins space Program
1958- launches
1st satelite

9. The U-2 Incident 1953- new Soviet leader:
Nikita Kruschev
U-2 spy plane shot down over USSR on May 1, 1960…
Krushchev demands an apology…..
Should we apologize?

10. The U-2 Incident Ike denies at first…. Then refuses to apologize
Kruschev launches a tirade against the U.S. at a summit meeting before storming out…
Cold War at its height for the 1960 election….

11. J JFK AND THE COLD WAR What kind of president was JFK?

12. JFK president video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9qzvanna1U
CRISIS:
Five options:

13. JKF GUARANTEES TO PUT A MAN ON THE MOON!

14. WHY INVADE?
Fidel Castro creates a communist government in Cuba

15. RESULTS: Bay of Pigs
Kennedy learns of plan to invade Cuba 9 days after elected….
Okays it…
Disaster

16. Cuban Missile Crisis: BRINKSMANSHIP

17. October 1962-
Cuban missile
crisis

18. 5 options: Do nothing: ignore the missiles in Cuba
Open direct negotiations with Krushchev asking that the missiles be withdrawn (is this “negotiable”? Would it be giving in to, or rewarding, the action?)
Order a blockade of Cuba until the missiles are removed (RFK)
Send a warning to Castro and Kruschev, and if the dismantling of the missile sites is not underway within 24 hours, order an air strike against the sites (CIA director)
*** “brinksmanship”
Order an air strike against the missile sites without any warning (Taylor- chairman, joint chief of staff)

19. The result JFK: blockade Nukes gone… we will leave Cuba alone….
(we also agree to remove nukes from Greece and Turkey)

20. Unit 11 assessment- 2 days Multiple choice: 40 pts (1.5 each)
Open notebook/ book….
Scaffolding questions- 25 points
To be done by tomorrow
Essay: 30 points
May make an outline
To be written in class tomorrow…

21. CRITERIA:
The extent to which…
Score of 5
Score of 4
Score of 3
Score of 2
Score of 1
student addresses the assigned task
Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth
Develops all aspects of the task but may do so unevenly
Develops all aspects of the task with little depth OR develops most of the aspects of the task in some depth
Minimally develops all aspects of the task or develops some aspects of the task in some depth
Minimally develops some aspects of the task
Student utilizes higher level thinking skills in their response
Is more analytical than descriptive (analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates information)
Is both descriptive and analytical (applies, analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates information)
Is more descriptive than analytical (applies, may analyze and/or evaluate information)
Is primarily descriptive; may include faulty, weak, or isolated application or analysis
Is descriptive; may lack understanding, application, or analysis
Student support their ideas with fact, examples, and details
Richly supports the theme with many relevant facts, examples, and details
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples and detail
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some minor inaccuracies
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some inaccuracies
Student organizes and develops a social studies essay
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction and conclusion that may be a restatement of the theme
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions; may not clearly identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an introduction and/or conclusion
May demonstrate a weakness in organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions; may not clearly identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an introduction and/or conclusion
**information from documents
Incorporates relevant information from at least 5 documents
Incorporates some relevant information from some of the documents
Incorporates limited relevant information from the documents or consists primarily of relevant information
copied from the documents
Makes vague, unclear references to the documents or consists primarily of relevant and irrelevant
information copied from the documents
**relevant outside information
Incorporates relevant outside information
Incorporates limited outside information
Presents little or no outside information
Presents no relevant outside information

22. COLD WAR REPORT CARDS: