1. Unit W12.1: The Expository Essay

2. from the front and begin to read it.
Bell Work
Take a syllabus
from the front and begin to read it.

3. W12.1.1: Expository Essay: Structure
What is the purpose of an expository essay?
1. To investigate a topic
2. To expound on an idea
3. To put forth a claim
4. To evaluate evidence

4. W12.1.1: Expository Essay: Structure
What is the
structure of an expository essay?
1. Introduction: hook and thesis statement
2. Minimum of three body paragraphs: supporting arguments, explanation, and textual evidence
3. Conclusion: restatement of thesis and take-away idea

5. W12.1.1: Expository Essay: Structure
What are the steps
to prewriting?
1. Choose the topic.
2. Identify your audience and purpose.
3. Gather evidence.
4. Brainstorm ideas.
4. Construct an outline.

6. W11.1.1: Expository Essay: Structure
What should an outline look like?
Introduction
A. Hook: Background information on Frederick Douglass
Thesis: Frederick Douglass played a crucial role in securing the abolition of slavery as a lecturer, author, and politician.
II. Lecturer
A. History as a slave
B. Education
C. Lectures
1. Early years
2. Later years

7. W11.1.1: Expository Essay: Structure
What should an outline look like?
III. Author
A. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
B. My Bondage and My Freedom
IV. Politician
A. Activism
Republican Party
Black soldier enlistment campaign
V. Conclusion
A. Restate main arguments
B. Take-away: where we are now vs. then

8. Review
Summary
What is the purpose of an expository essay? What is the structure of an expository essay? What are the steps to prewriting? What should an outline look like?

9. Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 1-2
Bell Work
Read
Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 1-2

10. W12.1.2: Hook, Thesis, and Conclusion
What is the purpose of the introduction?
1. To introduce the topic
2. To spark interest
3. To make the reader want to keep reading
4. To present the central idea or argument with a thesis statement

11. W12.1.2: Hook, Thesis, and Conclusion
What are effective strategies for a hook?
1. Anecdote: a short relatable story about a real life incident
2. Quote: a statement from an authoritative source that will back up your thesis
3. Background information: all of the relevant information the reader needs to understand the topic

12. W12.1.2: Hook, Thesis, and Conclusion
What are effective strategies for a hook?
4. Facts & statistics: eye-opening information that will engage the reader
5. Debunking a misconception: present and defeat a counterargument
6. Rhetorical questions & challenges: ask your readers to think and/or place themselves in a certain situation

13. W12.1.2: Hook, Thesis, and Conclusion
What should
a thesis statement look like?
1. Lays out the central idea or claim of the essay
2. Introduces the major supporting arguments (do not go into depth; save it for the body paragraphs)
3. Easy to identify: a clear, concise statement (one sentence)
4. Located after the hook, not before (usually at the end of the first paragraph in a five-paragraph essay)

14. W12.1.2: Hook, Thesis, and Conclusion
What is the purpose of the conclusion?
1. To wind-down the momentum of an essay and provide closure
2. To summarize or reflect the thesis and main arguments (do not restate your thesis word-for-word)
3. To give the reader a take-away idea to ponder after they are done reading (the take-away should reflect the hook if possible)

15. Write an effective introductory paragraph and conclusion for an essay.
Review
Write an effective introductory paragraph and conclusion for an essay.

16. Review Key Terms: Hook Thesis Statement Supporting Details Explanation
Evidence
Restatement of Thesis
Topic
Audience
Purpose
Outline

17. Review Anecdote Quote Background Info Facts & Statistics Misconception
Rhetorical Question
Challenge

18. Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 3-5
Bell Work
Read
Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 3-5

19. How should the body of an essay be structured?
W12.1.3: Body Paragraphs
How should the body of an essay be structured?
1. Every paragraph should somehow connect back to your thesis.
2. Only relevant material should be discussed.
3. Stick to one idea per paragraph:
new idea, new paragraph.
4. Order ideas in a logical order that is consistent with your thesis.

20. W12.1.3: Body Paragraphs 1. Compare & contrast
What are some common strategies for arranging body paragraphs in an essay?
1. Compare & contrast
2. Cause & effect
3. Definition & example
4. Chronological order

21. What should a body paragraph look like?
W12.1.3: Body Paragraphs
What should a body paragraph look like?
1. Transition word or phrase (your words & thoughts)
2. Topic sentence (your words & thoughts)
3. Explanatory details (your words & thoughts)
4. Textual Evidence (from the text)
5. Conclusion/transition (your words & thoughts)

22. W12.1.3: Body Paragraphs When should you cite a source?
1. Direct quotes: quotation marks, parentheses with author’s last name and page number (the period goes outside the parenthesis).
2. Paraphrased quotes: no quotation marks but still parentheses with author’s last name and page number.
3. Specific data and statistics: no quotation marks but still parentheses with author’s last name and page number.
4. Generally accepted knowledge: so long as they are your own words and thoughts, citation is not needed.

23. Write an effective body paragraph
Review
Write an effective body paragraph
for an essay.

24. Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 6-8
Bell Work
Read
Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 6-8

25. W12.1.4: Transitions
What is a transition?
1. Transitions cue the reader that you are switching gears and moving onto a new point or idea.
2. Transitions should demonstrate a relationship between one idea to the next.
3. Transitions may be a word, phrase, or sentence.
4. Transition may be at the beginning of a paragraph, the end of a paragraph, or both (in this class, both).

26. What makes for a strong transition?
W12.1.4: Transitions
What makes for a strong transition?
1. A strong transition demonstrates a relationship between ideas: compare & contrast, cause & effect, chronological, etc.
2. A strong transition will make the essay flow. If the transition is abrupt, it is weak.
3. A strong transition is not repetitive—avoid using the same transitions over and over.

27. How does a transition work at the end of a paragraph?
W12.1.4: Transitions
How does a transition work at the end of a paragraph?
1. The conclusion of a paragraph may contain a transition that will point the reader onto the next point.
2. In this case, be careful not to introduce the next point; simply imply that it is coming.
3. Make sure that the transition at the end of the paragraph and the transition at the beginning of the next paragraph are not redundant.

28. Review
Write an effective transition between the end of one paragraph and the beginning of the next.

29. Review Key Terms: Compare & Contrast Cause & Effect
Definition & Example
Chronological Order
Transition
Topic Sentence
Explanatory Details
Evidence
Conclusion
Direct Quotes
Paraphrased Quotes
Specific Data
Accepted Knowledge

30. Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 9-11
Bell Work
Read
Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 9-11

31. W12.1.5: Citation 1. The main text you are discussing
What is a
primary source?
1. The main text you are discussing
(Lord of the Flies)
2. Original data or research
(statistics from a study)
3. A historical document
(a letter, journal, or legal document)

32. W12.1.5: Citation 1. Any work that discusses a primary text What is a
secondary source?
1. Any work that discusses a primary text
2. Any work that builds off of previous research or data
3. Any work that builds off of a historical document

33. What makes a source unreliable?
W12.1.5: Citation
What makes a source unreliable?
1. If the author is not credible
2. If a source has a vested bias towards its conclusions
3. If a secondary source does not document other sources
4. If a secondary source has not been peer-reviewed

34. W12.1.5: Citation
What is a
plagiarism?
1. When you pass someone else’s words or thoughts as your own
2. When you fail to cite anything that is not generally accepted knowledge
3. When you fail to cite a source, even by accident

35. What are the most common styles of citation?
W12.1.5: Citation
What are the most common styles of citation?
1. MLA format (Modern Language Association):
used for the humanities
2. APA format (American Psychological Association):
used for the social sciences
3. Chicago Style (University of Chicago):
used for history
3. AMA format (American Medical Association):
used for medicine and health

36. What are the two components of citation?
W12.1.5: Citation
What are the two components of citation?
1. In-text citation: immediately after the reference, a source’s abbreviated publication information cited by parentheses or foot notes
2. Works-cited page: at the end of the paper, a list of each sources’ detailed publication information

37. W12.1.5: Citation
What does
in-text citation
for a book look like
in MLA format?
1. Basic citation: author’s last name and page number in parentheses:
Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).
2. If you mention the author by name: page number only in parenthesis:
According to Wordsworth, poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

38. When should you consult the
W12.1.5: Citation
When should you consult the
MLA Style Guide
for in-text citation?
1. One source with multiple authors
2. Multiple sources by the same author
3. Multiple sources with the same last names
4. Unknown authors
5. Articles, journals, and newspapers
6. Websites
7. A source within a source
8. Anytime you do not know what to do

39. W12.1.5: Citation 1. Book entry:
What does
a works-cited page
look like
in MLA format?
1. Book entry:
Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Format.
Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, Print.
2. Other types of entries:
Consult the MLA style guide or a citation website; every medium has a different format.

40. W12.1.5: Citation 3. Entries should be arranged in alphabetical order.
What does
a works-cited page
look like
in MLA format?
3. Entries should be arranged in alphabetical order.
4. Entries should be single-spaced with a double-space between entries.
5. The first line of an entry should not be indented; subsequent lines should be indented.
6. The heading of the page should say Works Cited or Bibliography.

41. Review Write a sentence with an in-text citation, and then write
the corresponding works cited entry.

42. Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 12-13
Bell Work
Read
Elements of Style: Rules of Usage 12-13

43. What is being compared and contrasted in a
W12.1.6: Comparative Essay
What is being compared and contrasted in a
comparative essay?
1. Content: what are the positions, arguments, and claims by multiple writers addressing the same subject?
2. Authors: what is the style, voice, and tone of multiple authors addressing the subject?
3. Texts: what are the similarities and differences of multiple texts by the same author?

44. What is being compared and contrasted in a
W12.1.6: Comparative Essay
What is being compared and contrasted in a
comparative essay?
4. Literary elements: what are the similarities and differences of literary elements and devices between multiple texts?
5. Genres: how do different texts from different genres approach the same subject?
6. Structure: how are the texts arranged and what effect does this have on the writers’ arguments?

45. you plan for a comparative essay?
W12.1.6: Comparative Essay
How should
you plan for a comparative essay?
1. Mark up the text!
2. Create a Venn diagram or some other brainstorming chart.
3. Decide on an approach; the texts are either more similar or more different.

46. What are two approaches to structuring a comparative essay?
W12.1.6: Comparative Essay
What are two approaches to structuring a comparative essay?
1. Begin by identifying obvious similarities; then focus the bulk of your essay on specific contrasting details.
2. Begin by identifying obvious differences; then focus the bulk of your essay on specific similar details.

47. outline for a comparative essay.
Review
Create an
outline for a comparative essay.

48. Review Key Terms: Primary Source Secondary Source Plagiarism
MLA format
APA format
Chicago Style
AMA format
In-Text Citation
Works Cited Page Basic MLA Citation
Author Mentioned by Name Citation