1. Postmodernism Aims of Lesson:
To examine the characteristics of modernism and postmodernism.
To analyse a postmodern music video.

2. Modernism
- Art / social-political movement that aimed to reinvent culture that
had become outdated.
- Roughly occurred between 1890s s.
- A rejection against realism.
- Divisions of modernism include avant-garde (works that are experimental or innovative) and surrealism (sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind).
- Films / novels / art were self-reflexive (containing a reflection or image of itself) of society.

3. Modernist art challenged the realism and illusion of the romantic era.
John Constable Pablo Picasso
(Romanticism) (Modernism)

4. Modernism is self-reflexive, it draws attention to itself and the
materials is uses. - E.g. Jackson Pollock

5. Postmodernism - 1970s onwards
The breakdown of barriers between genres and style
The breakdown of distinction between binary (involving two things) divides
(E.g. human and machine)
- Mixing up time, space and narrative
- Emphasis of style over content
Blurring of fiction and reality / representation and the real
Becoming more used to a mediated (intervening/negotiated) version of reality, than reality itself (hyperreality).

6. Key Terms/Characteristics of Post-Modernism
Intertextuality - one media text referring to another
Parody - mocking something in an original way
1970s / 1980s cop series
Sabotage music video

7. Parody
- The Simpsons parodies both high and low culture to a wide range of audiences.
- Part of the idea of postmodernism is that there is no divide between high art and mass culture.

8. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
Pastiche - An artistic work in a style that imitates that of another
work, artist, or period. This is a self-conscious imitation.
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
Marilyn Monroe
Material Girl
Madonna
Ashanti Foolish music
video
Goodfellas

9. Bricolage - mixing up and using different genres and styles
Shaun of the Dead:
Zombie mixed with and romantic comedy.
Blade Runner: Sci-Fi and film noir
DJ Shadow’s Entroducing:
The first album to be completely
made up of sampled music.

10. Homage - imitation from a respectful standpoint…dedication
Psycho - the 1960 original
Psycho - the 1998 remake

11. Analysis of Postmodern Music Video
Paparazzi
(Lady Gaga)
Directed by Jonas Akerlund

12. Pastiche / Homage
Generic conventions of a ‘golden age’ Hollywood film of which ‘Gaga’ is the leading lady

13. Sunset Boulevard (1950) Narrative and stylistic similarities and intertextual references

14. Intertextuality and the blurring of boundaries
The breakdown of distinction between binary divides.
Lady Gaga as an humanoid
Fembot, Metropolis (RIGHT)

15. Referencing Popular Culture

16. CASE STUDY: Lady Gaga Hitchcock Homage
Makes reference to the film ‘Vertigo’
The use of icy, remote blonde ‘femme fatale’ character is also a hallmark of a Hitchcock film.

17. Blurring of fiction and reality / representation and the real

18. Plenary What are the conventions of a postmodern media text?
What is the appeal to audiences?