1. R&D for ILC Very Forward Calorimeters
W. Lohmann, DESY
Accelerator and GDE
Black December
New Schedule
New structure for detector
R&D
FCAL overview
Labs involved: Argonne, BNL, Vinca Inst, Univ. of Colorado,
Cracow UST,
Cracow INP, JINR, Royal Holloway, NCPHEP,
Prague(AS), LAL Orsay, Tuhoku Univ., Tel Aviv
Univ. , West Univ. Timisoara, Yale Univ. DESY
(Z.)
Associated: Stanford Univ. IKP Dresden
Guests from : CERN
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

2. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Accelerator Design
First stage : 90 – 500 GeV
Second stage : up to 1 TeV
Luminosity : 500 fb-1 / 4years
1 ab-1 at 1 TeV L ~ 2 x 1034 cm-2s-1
Polarisation : 80% e-
50% e+ (later phase)
Beam energy : < 10-3
uncertainty
Options : GigaZ (high lumi running at the Z), e-g, g-g
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

3. The GDE and its Mission (Accelerator)
GDE = Global Design Effort
Produce a design for the ILC, including performance assessments, a reliable international costing, an industrialisation plan, a siting analysis
Coordinate worldwide prioritized R&D
- Demonstrate and improve the performance of the components
(cavities, cryomodules, RF units)
- Reduce costs
- Test and improve reliability
Director: B. Barish
+ 3 regional directors: B. Foster (Europe)
M. Nozaki (Asia)
M. Harrison (Americas)
480 physicists and engineers worldwide
Project Management Office
M. Ross (Chair)(Fermilab), N. Walker (DESY), A. Yamamoto (KEK)
The RDR (reference design report) for the ILC was released in 2007;
Plan was an “Engineering Design Report” in 2010
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

4. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
The GDE and its Mission
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

5. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
The “Black December”
In December 2007 STFC (UK) announced withdraw from ILC
In US an unrelated move cut the funding for ILC (and particle physics) dramatically
Enough US money left to permit GDE common fund to be paid and the GDE organisation to remain in beeing
FALC met in January 2008 and confirmed that the physics motivation for a linear collider remains unchanged
FALC recognised that funding stability is the key to any international collaborative effort so non of the partners investmants id jeopardized
ICFA expressed its deepest concern about the decisions in the UK and the US on spending for long term international science projects
ICFA feels an obligation to make policy makers aware of the need for stability in the support of major international science efforts
It can’t be business as usual when such a large fraction of recources lost:
40 FTE and £ 4M/year in UK and a reduction from $ 60 M to 15 M in US
New plan for the TD phase concentrates and reduces work and lengthens time scales
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

6. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
TDP1 and TDP2
TDP-1 (GDE)
2010
Detector design phase I
Prioritized R&D for
risk reduction
(gradient, Cryomodul
performance with
beam, RF units)
Beam Delivery system,
Final focus
R&D on prioritized areas and
critical elements
Complete detector specifications
Initiate technical design work
Update physics performance
Develop MDI scenarios
TDP-2 (GDE)
2012
Detector design phase II
Complete technical design and R&D needed for the project proposal
Complete reliable cost role up
Project plan developed
Include LHC results in performance requirements
Complete R&D,
develop integration into a real detector, technical design for the ILC proposal
Complete MDI solution
Reliable cost role up and financial plan
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

7. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Detector Example
Muons (instrumented iron)
Hadrons (HCAL)
Photons, electrons (ECAL)
Track measurement (TPC)
Flavour tagging (pixel detectors)
Forward region
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

8. Requirements on the Detector
Impact Parameter: /3 х SLD
(secondary vertices) /5-10 x LEP
Momentum resolution /10 x LEP
Jet energy resolution /3 х LEP, HERA
Hermeticity > 5 mrad
A worldwide R&D program is ongoing
337 ns
2820x
0.2 s
0.95 ms
accelerator delivers ‘bunch’ trains:
Timing constraints for
Detectors and readout
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

9. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Research Director
The ILCSC recruited Sakue Yamada to serve
as ILC (Detector&Physics) Research Director
The RD will be responsible for:
Devising procedures that will result in two contrasting and complementary detector designs (based on “Letter of Intend”, LOI)
Guiding the global detector R&D effort
Form a management structure and appoint a detector advisory group (IDAG)
More Details under:
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

10. ILC Research Directorate Organisation
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

11. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
LoIs, Plan and Schedule
An LoI must include:
- the description of the detector
- the list of participants and explanation of the recources
- the critical R&D areas
- simulation studies to demonstrate the physics performance
- the plan for the completion of the technical design
To identify LoI groups a call for “expression of interest” was made;
Three groups submitted EoIs before march 31, 2008 (ILD, SiD, 4th.C).
LoIs for detector technical designs are expected in 2009
The critical review of the LoIs submitted will be done by the IDAG
IDAG will ‘validate’ detector designs and will give guidance for an advanced development
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

12. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
IDAG Members
Experiment & Detector
Michael Danilov ITEP
Michel Davier (Chair) Orsay
Paul Grannis Stony Brook
Dan Green FNAL
Dean Karlen Victoria
Sun-Kee Kim SNU
Tomio Kobayashi Tokyo
Weiguo Li IHEP
Richard Nickerson Oxford
Sandro Palestini CERN
Phenomenology
Abdelhak Djouadi Orsay
Rohini Godbole IIS
JoAnne Hewett SLAC
Accelerator
Tom Himel SLAC
Nobukazu Toge KEK
Eckhard Elsen DESY
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

13. The next important dates
June GDE meeting in JINR (Dubna)
June ECFA LC workshop in Warsaw
- first meeting of the IDAG, with plenary
presentations of the LoI groups
November LCWS/GDE workshop in Chicago
Summary
The ILC project is moving forward with a new plan stretched to 2012
taking into account the impact of funding cuts in UK and US
(to reach the goal foreseen for 2010)
Seek for synergies with CLIC
Synchronisation between GDE and detector community (led now by S. Yamada) is kept.
Continuation and consolidation of detector designs with LoIs next year
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

14. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
The JINR site proposal
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

15. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
The challenges
Precise Luminosity measurement
Gauge process: e+ e e+ e- (g)
Events e-
6.10m e+ IP e+
L = N / s
Q, (rad)
Count Bhabha events
From theory
Events
Goal: Precision <10-3
Translates
into the following
requirements
Inner acceptance radius: < 10 μm
Distance between Cals. : < 600 μm
Radial beam position : < 1 mm
Energy (GeV)
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

16. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
The challenges
Energy deposition from beamstrahlung in the innermost calorimeter
(BeamCal)
Beamstrahlung is a new phenomenon at the ILC (nm beam sizes)
Bunches are squeezed when crossing (pinch effect)
Photon radiation (at very small angle)
Part of the photons converts to e+e- pairs, deflected to larger angles)
A measurement of photon and pair energy allows a bunch-by-bunch luminosity estimate
important for beam-tuning
Beam pipe
The ratio is proportional to the luminosity
Feedback for beam tuning
Dose absorbed by the sensors: up to 10 MGy/year ! Radiation hard sesnors needed
For LHC people: 1 MGy ~ 1017 e-/cm2
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

17. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
The challenges
Electron veto copability is required from physics down to small polar angles to suppress background in particle searches with missing energy signature (hermeticity)
e.g. Search for supersymmetric particles at small Dm
Exploit longitudinal
Shower profile
average tile energy subtracted
Local deposition from a single high energy electron
Local deposition from a single high energy electron
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

18. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
The Design
Beamstrahlung IP
Precise measurement of the integrated luminosity (ΔL/L ~ 10-4)
Provide 2-photon veto
Serve the beamdiagnostics
using beamstrahlung pairs
LumiCal
BeamCal
GamCal
5mrad
~40mrad
~85mrad
using beamstrahlung photons
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

19. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Sensor R&D
pCVD diamonds:
radiation hardness under investigation (e.g.
LHC beam monitors, pixel detectors)
advantageous properties like: high mobility,
low εR = 5.7, thermal conductivity
GaAs:
semi-insulating GaAs, doped with Sn and
compensated by Cr
produced by the Siberian Institute of
Technology
SC CVD diamonds:
available in sizes of mm2
Radiation hard silicon
CVD: Chemical Vapor Deposition
(courtesy of IAF)
polycrystalline
CVD diamond
GaAs
Single crystal
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

20. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Sensor R&D
Sensor performance as a funtion of the absorbed dose:
Electron beam at SDALINAC, 10 MeV, nA beam current,
kGy/hour
Beam exit window
collimator (IColl)
Faraday cup (IFC, TFC)
sensor box (IDia, TDia, HV)
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

21. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
FE Electronics Development
accelerator delivers ‘bunch’ trains:
Timing constraints for detectors
and readout
High occupancy in the forward
calorimeters - read out after each
or a few bunch crossings,
fast feedback
337 ns
2820x
0.2 s
0.95 ms
Cracow UST
One FE ASIC will contain 32 – 64 channels
One ADC will serve several channels
(MC simulations
Still not finished)
AMS 0.35 mm technology
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

22. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
FE ASIC
Stanford Univ.
32 channels per chip
all data is read out at 10 bits for physics purposes;
Low latency output, sum of all channels is read out
after each bx at 8 bits for beam diagnosis (fast
feedback)
Prototype in 0.18-m TSMC CMOS technology
April 2007: High level design complete
July 2007-July2008: Layout design
August 2008: Verification complete
October 2008: Prototype ready
January 2009: Prototype tests complete
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

23. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Data transfer
Readout in real time and with low latency (~1 μs)
Readout between bunch trains
feedback
proc.
~ 10 signal transfer
lines
per layer of BeamCal
GamCal
data
formatter
Need one more level in the readout
architecture for the interface to FONT and to the detector DAQ.
Design and prototyping effort
DAQ
FONT
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

24. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Sensors for prototypes
- Sensor prototypes designed
Contacts to several manufacturers
Tower Semiconductors Israel
Hamamatsu
Canbera
Sintef
- Fan-out design: thin, low cross talk
Design of Sensor plane prototypes, ASICS ready for prototypes in 2009 (EUDET)
prototypes of a calorimeter ready for tests in 2010/12 (depending in the support)
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

25. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Conclusions
Priority topics within FCAL:
Refine and Complete simulations studies
Large area radiation hard sensors for calorimetry
Precise position measurement of electromagnetic showers
Laser position monitoring
ASICS with high readout speed, large dynamic range,
large buffering depth and low power dissipation
Fast feedback for luminosity optimisation, fast data
transmission
(here we contribute to the CMS beam conditions monitoring)
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

26. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Paris conclusions on LumiCal
Design studies of the calorimeters relatively advanced
Lots of details need further studies
- beam-pipe design, how much material in front
of LumiCal can be tolerated
- realistic detector, including calibration uncertainties,
cross talk, noise…..
Practical Issues:
Fix Geometry and Segmentation
Occupancy per bunch train (> 0.25 mip)
Signal spectrum  Input for FE ASICs
Working group: Bogdan, Ivanka, Iftach
Goal: produce a paper (EUDET note) with the relevant numbers
before end of the year, including all processes we know so far
at CMS energies 350 and 500 GeV
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

27. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Paris Conclusions on BeamCal
Design studies of the calorimeters relatively advanced
Open issues
- realistic detector, including calibration uncertainties,
cross talk, noise…..
- realistic beam transport simulations
- beam-pipe shape
- design studies for GamCal
BeamCal & LumiCal Geometry:
Previous geometry was summarized by Christian.
Geometry group: Christian, Bogdan, Sergey, Iftach, Woitek
-Define the ‘acceptance’ areas of the calorimeters
-define the space needed for the calorimeters
-define the beam-pipe shape
And write it down!
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow

28. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
backup
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region

29. FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Structure of the detector community organsation
ILCSC
FALC
GDE
IDAG
LoI-representative
Common task
representative
MDI-D
R&D panel
Software panel
Physics Panel
Regional Contacts RD
Executive Board
R&D Collab.
PAC
Phys.&Exp.Board
Engineering Tools
Outreach　Panel
Th’s
LoI A B C
IR Integration
Next Step
WWS
organizers
September 20, 2018
FCAL Coll. Meeting Cracow
Instrumentation of the forward region