1. Summer 2006 Workshop
in Biology and Multimedia
for High School Teachers

2. THEORY OF EVOLUTION Beth Mick - LESSON PLAN
DISCUSSION ON WHAT DOES THE WORD EVOLUTION MEAN?
LECTURE - PPT
SPECIATION ANIMATION LS-HHMI
Breeding Bunnies Activity
Candy Dish Selection: Author: Carol Tang
Investigating Natural Selection Activity -
CLASS DISCUSSION ON VIRUS EVOLUTION TO INCLUDE HIV
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

3. REFERENCES Biology: The Dynamics of Life; Glencoe 2004
DR. LUE, LIFE SCIENCE-HHMI OUTREACH PPT.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

4. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
CHARLES DARWIN
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION
NATURAL SELECTION
SPECIATION
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

5. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
CHARLES DARWIN
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION
NATURAL SELECTION
SPECIATION
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

6. CHARLES DARWIN – 1809-1882 ENGLISH
TRAVELED AROUND THE WORLD ON THE BEAGLE – FAMOUS IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
OBSERVED MANY SPECIES AND FOSSILS
WHY DID SOME SPECIES SURVIVE WHILE OTHERS BECAME EXTINCT?
NATURAL SELECTION
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

7. —Charles Darwin from "The Origin of Species"
Used by permission of Darwin Day
Celebration (at DarwinDay.org), 2006
I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural Selection.
  —Charles Darwin from "The Origin of Species"
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

8. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
CHARLES DARWIN
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION
NATURAL SELECTION
SPECIATION
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

9. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS MIMICRY CAMOUFLAGE
resemblance of one organism to another or to natural objects among which it lives that secures it a selective advantage (as protection from predation)
Protective coloring or another feature that conceals an animal and enables it to blend into its surroundings.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

10. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS MIMICRY CAMOUFLAGE
MILLIONS OF YEARS
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS
CHANGE IN A METABOLIC PROCESS
WHAT DO YOU HEAR ABOUT IN THE NEWS ABOUT SOME BACTERIA?
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

11. WHAT OTHER INDUSTRIES WOULD BE WORRIED ABOUT RESISTANCE?
WHAT OTHER INDUSTRIES WOULD BE WORRIED ABOUT RESISTANCE?
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

12. OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
A state of similarity in structure and anatomical position but not necessarily in function between different organisms indicating a common ancestry or evolutionary origin
FOSSILS
ANATOMY
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

13. OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
FOSSILS
ANATOMY
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
-it performs the same function
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

14. OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
FOSSILS
ANATOMY
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE
EMBRYOS
refers to an organ or part (for example, the human appendix) which is greatly reduced from the original ancestral form and is no longer functional or is of reduced or altered function.
Vestigial structures provide a clue to the evolutionary history of a species because they are remnants of structures found in the ancestral species.
WHAT IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES?
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

15. OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
FOSSILS
ANATOMY
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE
EMBRYOS
BIOCHEMISTRY
WHAT 2 THINGS?
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

16. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
CHARLES DARWIN
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION
NATURAL SELECTION
SPECIATION
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

17. MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION
DO POPULATIONS OR INDIVIDUALS EVOLVE?
WHAT IS A GENE POOL
HOW CAN THE GENE POOL CHANGE?
MUTATION
GENETIC DRIFT
GENE FLOW
WOULD THESE THINGS EFFECT A LARGE POPULATION OR A SMALL POPULATION MORE?
the total number of genes of every individual in an interbreeding population.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

18. GENETIC DRIFT GENE FLOW - MIGRATION MUTATION
ALL IMAGES:
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

19. Gene Pool Large high genetic diversity
increased chances of biological fitness, and survival.
Small
low genetic diversity
reduced chances of acquiring biological fitness, and increased possibility of extinction
Increases when mutation occurs and survives
Decreases when the population size is significantly reduced
e.g. famine, genetic disease, etc.
Consequences when gene pool is small
low fertility
increased probability of acquiring genetic diseases and deformities
Gives an idea of the number of genes, the variety of genes and the type of genes existing in a population. It can be used to help determine gene frequencies or the ratio between different types of genes in a population.

20. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
CHARLES DARWIN
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION
NATURAL SELECTION
SPECIATION
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

21. WHAT IS NATURAL SELECTION?
There is variation in traits.
For example, some beetles are green and some are brown.
There is differential reproduction.
Since the environment can't support unlimited population growth, not all individuals get to reproduce to their full potential. In this example, green beetles tend to get eaten by birds and survive to reproduce less often than brown beetles do.
There is heredity.
The surviving brown beetles have brown baby beetles because this trait has a genetic basis.
End result:
The more advantageous trait, brown coloration, which allows the beetle to have more offspring, becomes more common in the population. If this process continues, eventually, all individuals in the population will be brown.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

22. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
CHARLES DARWIN
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION
NATURAL SELECTION
SPECIATION
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

23. WHAT IS SPECIATION? GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

24. WHAT IS SPECIATION?
The view that speciation proceeds by imperceptibly small, cumulative steps over long periods of time rather than by abrupt, major changes.
GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
GRADUALISM
PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM
The theory that speciation occurs in spurts of major genetic alterations that punctuate long periods of little change.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

25. WHAT IS SPECIATION? GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
GRADUALISM
PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM
DIVERGENT EVOLUTION
ADAPTIVE RADIATION
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
Evolution of a number of divergent species from a common ancestor, each species becoming adapted to occupy a different environment.
Organisms NOT closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

26. ADAPTIVE RADIATION – AN EXAMPLE OF DIVERGENT EVOLUTION
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

27. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION – WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE?
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.