1. Organ Systems

2. Levels of Organization
Atom
Molecule

3. Human Organ Systems

4. HOMEOSTASIS Each organ system works to maintain HOMEOSTASIS
HOMEOSTASIS – Maintaining a stable internal environment

5. Biology GVC #7
Describe the relationship between structure and function of organ systems in plants and animals.

6. Nervous System Organs:
Brain – Control center, has 100 Billion neurons
Spinal Cord – thin bundle of nervous tissue going from brain to pelvis
Nerves – carry signals from spinal cord to all parts of body
Function: Carries electrical messages throughout the body
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Allows organism to respond quickly to changes

7. Nerve cell (Neuron)
1. Electrical signal starts in Dendrite and travels along the Axon .
2. When the signal reaches the Axon Terminal it jumps to the Dendrite of the next neuron.
Axon – The long, slender part of a nerve cell; it is the main carrier of the electrical signal
Brain Games

8. Circulatory System
Heart – made of mostly muscle tissue, pumps blood through blood vessels by contracting (squeezing)
Function: move materials around the body (hormones, oxygen, waste, nutrients)
Blood Vessels – network of tubes that carry blood throughout body (arteries, veins, capillaries)
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Allows substances to move from one place to another

9. Circulatory system
ARTERIES – Carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
very muscular
VEINS – Carry blood TOWARD the heart;
have valves to prevent backflow
CAPILLARIES – Connect small arteries and veins;
exchange gases and other substances
BLOOD is made up of Plasma (liquid), Red Blood Cells (carry oxygen), White Blood Cells (immune system), and Platelets (blood clotting).

10. Blood Flow Through Heart
Lungs
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
Body
Animation of blood flow
Right Ventricle

11. Blood Flow through Body
Red:
Arteries
Blue:
Veins

12. Respiratory System
Main Organs:
Nose/mouth
Larynx – voice box
Trachea (windpipe)
Lungs
Bronchi – branching tube leading to each lung
Alveoli – clusters of air sacs
Diaphragm – muscle that contracts to make lungs expand
Function: Bring OXYGEN into the body and release CARBON DIOXIDE out of the body

13. Respiratory
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Helps rid the body of Carbon Dioxide buildup

14. Respiration – How do we breathe?
Respiration Animation
Gas Exchange Animation

15. Skeletal System Function: Supports the body and gives it shape
Protects internal organs
Produce Blood Cells
Stores Minerals
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: maintains correct levels of minerals

16. Organs in the Skeletal System
Bones – Hard and Rigid, form main skeleton
Ligaments – band of fibrous connective tissue, holds bones together
Bone Marrow – Where red blood cells are made
Cartilage – dense connective tissue, usually found in joints

17. Joints- Places where 2 or more bones meet

18. Muscular System Function: Provide movement and heat production.
Organs:
Muscles – organs composed of muscle cells (fibers) that can contract to move parts of the body
Tendons – Connect muscles to bones
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: move body and maintain body temperature

19. Types of Muscles Cardiac: Found only in heart Contracts to pump blood
Has A LOT of mitochondria
Involuntary
Smooth:
Found in walls of internal organs
Helps organs carry out functions
Involuntary
Skeletal:
Found attached to bones
Move skeleton and other body parts
Voluntary

20. Digestion Role in HOMEOSTASIS:
Organs:
Mouth – break down food
Esophagus -
Stomach – Mixes food with digestive enzymes to break them apart
Pancreas – releases digestive enzymes and hormones (insulin)
Liver – detoxify blood, make proteins, produce chemicals to help digestion
Gall Bladder – stores bile (fluid that helps digest lipids)
Small Intestine – breaks down food with chemicals and absorbs nutrients
Large Intestine – reabsorb water
Rectum – accumulates feces
Function: Break down food and absorb nutrients
Role in HOMEOSTASIS:
Provides the body with necessary nutrients and removes wastes

21. Endocrine Function: Produces hormones
Organs/Structures:
Pineal Gland Adrenal Gland
Hypothalamus Pancreas
Pituitary Gland Testes
Thyroid Gland Ovaries
Thymus
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Regulates metabolism, growth, body development

22. Lymphatic (Immune System)
Function: Destroys pathogens (micro-organisms that cause disease)
Organs/Structures:
Lymph Vessels – vessels that carry lymph through body
Lymphocytes – cells that destroy pathogens
Lymph – Fluid containing lymph, filters pathogens
Lymph Nodes – Structure that filters the lymph
Bone Marrow – Produces Lymphocytes
Thymus – Stores Lymphocytes
Spleen – Filters out pathogens and worn out blood cells
Tonsils – Trap pathogens
Role in HOMEOSTASIS:
Protects the body from disease and infection

23. Urinary/Excretion
Function: Filter wastes from body and control water loss
Organs:
Kidneys – Filter wastes out of blood
Large Intestine – reabsorbs water
Liver – break down toxins in blood
Skin – eliminate excess water and salts
Lungs – exhale water vapor and CO2
Role in HOMEOSTASIS:
Removes wastes from the body, maintains steady water levels

24. Integumentary
Organs:
Skin – Largest organ, provides protection, controls body temperature
Hair – made of keratin, controls body temperature
Nails – made of keratin, protect fingertips and toes
Function: Outer covering of your body, provides protection
Role in HOMEOSTASIS:
Protection, maintain body temperature, sense of touch

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