1. Reproductive System
SC.912.L.16.13
Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system.

2. Think About It!
An individual can lead a healthy life without reproducing. But is there another system that is more important for the continuation of the species?
Without reproductive system, no species could produce the next generation, and the species would come to an end.
In a sense, It is the most important system of the body.
Of course, remember that there are organisms that reproduce asexually. But it won’t provide the offspring with genetic diversity.

3. Sexual Development
Hormones released by the ovaries and testes cause sexual development during puberty, a period of rapid growth and sexual maturation that usually starts between the ages of 9 and 15.
At the end of puberty, the male and female reproductive organs are fully developed and become fully functional.

4. The Male Reproductive System
The main role of the male reproductive system is to make and deliver sperm.
To produce male hormones, mainly testosterone.

5. The Testes The testes are the main organs of the male system.
Two testes are held in and protected by an external sac called the scrotum.
The testes make sperm in tiny tubes called seminiferous tubules.
The sperm mature and are stored in an epididymis.

6. Transportation of the sperm
A tube called a vas deferens carries sperm from each testis to the urethra within the penis.
Along the way, secretions of the seminal vesicle form a nutrient-rich fluid called seminal fluid.
The combination of sperm and seminal fluids is called semen.
Semen leaves the body through the urethra.
Duct that also carries urine from the bladder, but not at the same time.
Contractions eject semen from the penis in a process called ejaculation.

7. Transportation of the sperm

8. The sperm
A mature sperm cell consists of a head that contains the nucleus, a midpiece that is packed with mitochondria, and a flagellum that propels the sperm towards the oviduct

9. The Male Reproductive System
For Workbook Questions 4–8, match each structure of the male reproductive system with its description
Structure Description
4. epididymis A. External sac that holds male
gonads
5. scrotum B. The primary male reproductive
organ
6. seminiferous tubule C. Structure in which sperm mature
7. testis D. Structure in which meiosis occurs
8. vas deferens E. The tube through which sperm
travel to the urethra

10. For Questions 9–12, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
9. The seminal vesicles, gland, and ___ gland produce a nutrient-rich fluid called fluid.
10. Sperm mixed with the seminal fluid is called .
11. Signals from the nervous system cause sperm to be ejaculated.
12. The of a sperm cell contain mitochondria that supply energy to the ,which propels the sperm forward.

11. Test your knowledge:
Label the figure below

12. The Female Reproductive System
Main function:
To produce the female reproductive cells (eggs, or ova (singular: ovum)
To prepare the female’s body to nourish a developing embryo.

13. Ovaries The main reproductive organ of the female
Produces and releases eggs, or ova (singular: ovum).
Ovaries are located in lower part of abdominal cavity
About the size of an almond
Each ovary contains thousands of microscopic sacs

14. The Oviducts or Fallopian Tubes
accept egg from ovary, and site for fertilization.
4” long – not attached to ovaries
Smooth muscle and cilia help propel egg into uterus

15. Early Stages of Development

16. Uterus prepares each month to receive a fertilized ovum (zygote)
support the fertilized ovum during pregnancy
and contracts during childbirth to help with delivery
Hollow, thick-walled, pear-shaped, highly muscular organ
Lies behind urinary bladder and in front of rectum
Fundus – bulging upper part of the uterus
Uterine wall
a. Outside thick muscular layer is myometrium
b. Inside mucous lining is endometrium

17. Cervix
narrow neck of uterus that extends into vagina

18. Vagina
a muscular passageway with a mucous membrane lining that lies between the bladder and the rectum,
it serves as the female organ of intercourse, the birth canal, and the passageway for the menstrual flow and the arriving sperm

19. The Female Reproductive System For Questions 13–16, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
13. The primary reproductive organs of females are the .
14. The function of a(n) is to help an egg mature.
15. Only about of the 400,000 eggs a female is born with develop into a mature ovum.
16. The structure of the female reproductive system in which the embryo develops is called the .

20. Complete the following concept map

21. Self-Test Sperm are produced by cells in the Vas deferens Epididymis
Seminiferous tubules
Prostate gland

22. 2. During Ovulation
an egg is released from the ovary into one of the Fallopian tubes.
The corpus luteum degenerates.
A follicle begins to develop.
The lining of the uterus and the unfertilized egg are discharged via the vagina.

23. 3. Sperm are allowed to mature and stored in the
Vas deferens
Epididymis
Prostate gland
Seminiferous tubules

24. 4. What happens to a zygote after it forms and begins to develop?
A. It moves to the uterus and implants.
B. It moves through a Fallopian tube to a follicle.
C. It moves through the cervix to the vagina.
D. It is released from a cluster of cells.

25. You have completed the first part of the standard!