1. Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – study of structure
Physiology – study of function
Structure is always related to function
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2. Levels of Organization
Atom – hydrogen atom, lithium atom
Molecule – water molecule, glucose molecule
Macromolecule – protein molecule, DNA molecule
Organelle – mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus
Cell – muscle cell, nerve cell
Tissue – loose connective tissue, muscle tissue
Organ – skin, femur
Organ System – skeletal system, digestive system
Organism - human
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3. Levels of Organization
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4. Homeostasis
Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes
Receptors - provide information
Control center - tells what a particular value should be
Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment
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5. Homeostatic Mechanisms
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6. Body Cavities
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7. Organ Systems
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8. Organ Systems
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9. Organ Systems
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10. Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Position – body standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward
Terms of Relative Position
Superior versus Inferior
Anterior versus Posterior
Medial versus Lateral
Ipsilateral versus Contralateral
Proximal versus Distal
Superficial versus Deep
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11. Body Sections Sagittal / Midsagittal or Median Transverse / Cross
Coronal or Frontal
Oblique
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12. Abdominal Subdivisions
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13. Body Regions
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14. Clinical Application Medical Imaging
Noninvasive procedures
Provide images of soft internal structures
Ultrasonography
Use of high-frequency sound waves
Relatively quick and inexpensive
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Requires injection of dye
Produces computerized transverse, frontal, and sagittal sections of area being studied
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