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INTRODUCTION TO CELLS Pages 169 – 183 in Textbook
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History of the Cell Janet Plowe, 1931 Rudolph Virchow, 1855
Theodor Schwann, 1839 Matthias Schleiden, 1838 See pages Janet Plowe demonstrated how the cell membrane works. Janet is on here because she’s a woman and recent! Not for testing. Anton von Leeuwenhoek, 1674 Robert Hooke, 1665
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Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect
Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect.... (July 18, March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right). He was the first person to use the term “cells”. 1665 – Robert Hooke publishes his book which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes. Coined the term “cells”.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723
In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa. 1673 – Anton van Leeuwenhook – perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. Four years later, he discovers protozoa.
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Cell Theory Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden
all plants are made of cells Theodore Schwann all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow all cells came from pre-existing cells Cell Theory
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Cell Theory Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells
Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells (1838) Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals are made of cells (1839) Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells (1855) Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism new cells are produced from existing cells
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Cell Specialization Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Photos from Biology, Prentice Hall Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex
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The Levels of Organization
Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping. Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex cell tissue organ organ system organism
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Levels of Organization
What is the benefit of being made of all of these cells? Level Function Example Organ system Different organs function together Nervous System Organ Different tissues function together Brain Tissues Similar cells function together Nervous Tissue Cells Cells can perform special jobs Neuron
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Cell Types PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles Small ribosomes Most cells are μm in size Evolved 3.5 billion years ago Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms EUKARYOTE Has nucleus Many organelles Larger ribosomes Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size Evolved 1.5 billion years ago Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms
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Cell Type: Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus. Typical bacteria cell
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Cell Types: Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.
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Different Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic no nucleus no nucleus nucleus nucleus small ribosomes larger ribosomes small ribosomes larger ribosomes no organelles no organelles organelles organelles very small 1-10m very small small small m only in bacteria protists, fungi, plants, animals protists, fungi, plants, animals only in bacteria
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What Are the Parts of Cells
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common. All cells have cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes nuclear material nuclear material cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm
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vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc
chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here) ribosomes: manufacture proteins mitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here) cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA) cytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell Parts of Cells cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast vacuole Introduction to cell parts. After you click and the cell part label comes in, wait for the definition to come in automatically. ribosomes mitochondria cell membrane cell wall (p. 175)
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Parts of Cells Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell lysosome: digests lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness Endoplasmic reticulum: site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell cell membrane mitochondria ribosome Golgi apparatus nucleus cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum lysosome
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Cell Organelles Animal Plant Cell Membrane Mitochondria Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Vacuole Lysosome Golgi Body Ribosome Cell Wall Animal Plant
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Cell Drawing Assignment
Turn to page 175 in the textbook. Draw the outer shape of both the animal and plant cells on the paper provided by your teacher For the outline, draw the cell membrane in both cells and the cell wall around the outside of the plant cell Inside the cell include only the mitochondria and chloroplasts (label on drawing)
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