1. PREGNANCY & FETAL DEVELOPMENT

2. Sperm are made in the testes.
Tail helps the sperm to swim so it can find the egg
Very little cytoplasm so it can swim fast
Special chemicals at the tip help the sperm to get into the egg

3. Eggs are made in the ovaries.
Jelly coat means that only one sperm can get into the egg.
Lots of cytoplasm so there is lots of food for the new baby.

4. When a sperm joins with an egg, this is how a new baby starts.
It only takes one sperm to get into the egg to make a baby.
When a sperm joins with an egg, this is how a new baby starts.

5. Stages of Reproduction
Fertilization~
Joining of an egg and
a sperm in the
fallopian tube
***VIDEO*** Click on picture
How Pregnancy Happens

6. The baby grows inside the womb (the uterus).
Pregnancy – this is when a baby grows inside a woman.
The baby grows inside the womb (the uterus).
It is protected by a bag of water, and gets food from the woman through the placenta.

7. Embryo:
A fertilized egg in the
first 2 months of pregnancy
Fetus:
From the 3rd month on the
embryo is called a fetus.

8. BABY DEVELOPMENT
Note: The second trimester is until about week 27

11. (a)Eggs are produced in organ X. What is the name of organ X?
(Adapted from Introduction to Biology, D.G.Makean; published by John Murray 1971)
(a)Eggs are produced in organ X. What is the name of organ X?
(b) The baby grows in a bag of amniotic fluid which is inside organ Y. What is the name of organ Y?
(c)Through which part, labeled in the diagram, is food passed from the mother to the baby?
(d) Name one useful substance, other than food, which passes from the mother to the unborn baby.
(e)The diagram shows an organ system of the mother’s body. What is the name of this organ system?

12. The Placenta
Organ attached to the inside of the uterus and connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord.
Produces pregnancy-related hormones
“Trading-post” between mother and baby (the baby gets oxygen and nutrients from the mother this way)
Mother/baby’s blood never mixes
Pancake-shaped organ

13. The Umbilical Cord A cord that attaches placenta to the fetus
Can be 60 cm long
Carries oxygen and nutrients from placenta to fetus, carries fetus’s blood back to placenta
When this is cut, it forms your belly button!

14. The Amniotic Sac Sac containing the fetus
Thin but tough pair of transparent membranes
Filled with amniotic fluid (at maximum, it contains 1 L of fluid)

15. Amniotic Fluid
A protective liquid in the amniotic sac, surrounds fetus
Cushions fetus against blows to mother’s abdomen
Inhaled and exhaled by fetus
Promotes fetal development
Keeps a constant temperature

16. Fertilization

17. 30 hours after fertilization

18. WEEK 3-5
The baby’s tiny heart begins to beat by day 21.  The arms, legs eyes, lips and nose begin to grow.

19. The organs start to grow inside the baby. The baby starts to move.
WEEK 7
The organs start to grow inside the baby. The baby starts to move.

20. WEEK 8-12
The baby has hands and feet, and swims and moves inside the bag of water.

21. FIRST TRIMESTER First 3 Months Start of the 8th week 4th Week
Heart starts beating
Arm and leg buds appear
Eyes and brain begin to develop
Embryo is less than ¼ of an inch long
Umbilical Cord Connects the embryo to the placenta
Start of the 8th week
Developing human is called a fetus
Brain waves can be detected
Muscle movements begin
Bones and muscles are developing
All major body parts have formed

22. Weeks 13-20
The baby can swallow, and starts to try breathing. It can feel pain, and moves around a lot. It has eyebrows and eyelashes now.

23. The baby has hand and footprints. It practices breathing.
Week 20-24
The baby has hand and footprints. It practices breathing.

24. The baby’s eyes open and close, and it sleeps 90% of the time.
Weeks 25 – 32
The baby’s eyes open and close, and it sleeps 90% of the time.

25. SECOND TRIMESTER Months 4-6 Organ systems continue to develop
By 4 months – mother can feel the fetus move or “kick”
Reproductive organs can be recognized as distinctly male or female
Fetus can hear and recognize voices
Hair forms on the head

26. Weeks 33 – 40
The baby is getting ready to be born. It turns upside down before it is born.

27. THIRD TRIMESTER Months 7-9
Time when the fetus gains most of its weight
Most fetuses are about 20 inches
Brain develops further
All other organs are almost complete
Fetus can grasp with his/her hands
Fetus’s skin becomes smooth – fat deposits underneath the skin
Nervous system will continue to develop after birth

28. Newborn baby

29. Stages of Birth: Labor – mild contractions pushes the
baby against the cervix
2. Birth – Baby pushes through the cervix
and into the birth canal.
3. After birth – After the baby is delivered,
the placenta separates and is delivered.