1. The Digestive System

2. Throat Anatomy

3. Chemical and Mechanical Digestion occur here
Mouth
Chemical and Mechanical Digestion occur here

4. Salivary Glands 3 types of Salivary Glands Lubrication and binding
Liquifies dry food
Oral hygiene
Initiates starch digestion – amylase
evaporative cooling in some species

5. Epiglottitis Base of tongue Back of Throat eh-pih-glah-tis
The epiglottis is super for swallowing. It's the part of your body that flops down over the windpipe when you swallow to keep food from going into your lungs. Without your epiglottis, you would cough or choke every time you eat.

6. This organ moves the swallowed food to the stomach by peristalsis.
Esophagus
This organ moves the swallowed food to the stomach by peristalsis.
Peristalsis: Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction
How it works

7. Esophagus
The Top 1/3 of the esophagus is skeletal muscle, the lower 2/3 is smooth muscle in two layers

8. Stomach stores the food that was eaten churn its contents into a chyme
partially digests protein
absorbs water, aspirin and alcohol
mucosa - composed entirely of mucus producing cells
gastric pits - these depressions interrupt the stomach lining and
contain gastric glands that produce HCl and
pepsinogen
muscle layers - smooth muscle in three layers

9. Small Intestine Digestion of all groups of food continue here
Digested food is absorbed
Indigestible foods are moved to the large intestine
villi - fingerlike folds of the mucosa - increase surface area thereby
increasing absorption

10. Villi
These cells live only for a few days, die and are shed into the lumen to become part of the ingesta to be digested and absorbed.
Virtually all nutrients, including all amino acids and sugars, are absorbed through the villi

11. Pancreas
Enzymes from this organ digest all of the food groups; hormones help control blood sugar
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas help break down carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and acids in the small intestine
Made of protein and is located behind the stomach
Long, irregularly shaped gland
Yellowish in color
About 7 inches (17.8 cm) long and 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) wide.
Two of the main pancreatic hormones are insulin and glucagon
These hormones work together to maintain the proper level of sugar in the blood
 Insulin works to lower blood sugar
Glucagon works to increase blood sugar

12. Liver The liver is the largest glandular organ of the body
It weighs about 3 lb (1.36 kg)
It is reddish brown in color
Divided into four lobes of unequal size and shape.
Many functions
Convert glucose to glycogen
Produce urea (the main
substance of urine)
Make certain amino acids
(the building blocks of
proteins)
Filter harmful substances
from the blood
Storage of vitamins and
minerals (vitamins A, D, K
and B12)
Maintain a proper level of
glucose in the blood
The liver is also responsible
for producing cholesterol
Produces about 80% of the
cholesterol in your body.
Break down fats
Liver

13. Gall Bladder
Removed gallbladder with gall stones

14. Large Intestine
The large intestine takes 12 to 25 hours to finish up the remaining processes of the digestive system. Food is not broken down any further in this stage of digestion. The large intestine simply absorbs vitamins that are created by the bacteria inhabiting the colon. It is also very important in absorbing water and compacting the feces. It is also responsible for passing along solid waste.
The large intestine houses over 700 species of bacteria that perform a variety of functions.

15. Appendix
The organ that was once thought to be vestigial — lacking a specific function in the body — is now believed to produce and protect good bacteria in the digestive tract.
The gut is full of good bacteria that aid in digestion, but diseases such as cholera and amoebic dysentery can clear out these microbes.
It is now believed that the function of the appendix is to regenerate and store the helpful bacteria.

16. Human Digestive System
How it All Works!
Human Digestive System